Ch 22
Cytokines
Chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances.
What type of immunity develops after receiving a vaccine?
artificially acquired active immunity
T lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except
brain
Which class of cells is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?
macrophages
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of
Helper T cells
Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of the cells, and that may activate antibody production are
IgD
Immunoglobulins that can attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are
IgE
Anti-A and Anti-B blood typing antibodies are of which class?
IgM
During the primary response, which antibody peaks sooner? During the secondary response, which antibody level is higher?
IgM and IgG
spleen
Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.
Peyer's patches
The primary lymphoid tissues include
bone marrow and thymus
hilum
depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their
heavy-chain constant segments.
tumor necrosis factor
involved in the inflammation of autoimmune diseases
The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is
lymph nodes
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is
naturally acquired active
Interferons
proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
Interleukins
proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
lacteals
specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream
Pyrogens
substances that cause fever
trabeculae
supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone
lymphedema
swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.
tonsils
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as
white pulp