Ch 22

Cytokines

Chemicals released by the immune system communicate with the brain.

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances.

What type of immunity develops after receiving a vaccine?

artificially acquired active immunity

T lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except

brain

Which class of cells is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

macrophages

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

Helper T cells

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of the cells, and that may activate antibody production are

IgD

Immunoglobulins that can attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

IgE

Anti-A and Anti-B blood typing antibodies are of which class?

IgM

During the primary response, which antibody peaks sooner? During the secondary response, which antibody level is higher?

IgM and IgG

spleen

Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells

are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.

Peyer's patches

The primary lymphoid tissues include

bone marrow and thymus

hilum

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

heavy-chain constant segments.

tumor necrosis factor

involved in the inflammation of autoimmune diseases

The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is

lymph nodes

Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is

naturally acquired active

Interferons

proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Interleukins

proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

lacteals

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream

Pyrogens

substances that cause fever

trabeculae

supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

lymphedema

swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

tonsils

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

white pulp