Vocabulary ATOMS, Molecules Ions and Isotopes

carbon has 6 protons, how many neutrons does the isotope Carbon-10 have? Carbon-14?

4 neutrons and 8 neutrons

______________ are the simplest substance made up of only one atom

Elements

proton

a positively-charged particle that is found in the atom's nucleus, and gives the element its identity

The center of an atom is a tiny, but ____ _____ containing _____ and ______

MASSIVE NUCLEUS containing PROTONS and NEUTRONS

electron cloud

a region surrounding the nucleus that contains the electrons in different energy levels

Protons have a _______ charge Neutrons have a _______ charge electrons have a _______ Charge

Positive charge = protons neutral charge = neutrons negative charge = electrons

If a normal atom LOOSES an electron it becomes ____ charged

Positively

A normal Atom has the same number of ___, ___, & ___

Protons, Neutrons and electrons

Atoms are made up of _____, _____, & _______

Protons, neutrons and electrons

What surrounds the necleus?

a cloud like region, the electron cloud

electron

a negatively charged particle that is found outside the nucleus of an atom, moving through the cloud like region surrounding the nucleus

molecule

a neutral (no charge) particle made up of two or more atoms joined together

neutron

a small subatomic particle located in the nucleus of the atom that lacks any electrical charge (neutral)

To change a plan atom into an ION you must

add or subtract an electron, ION means it has an electric charge.

isotope

an atom of an element that has the same number of protons as usual, but has a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

ion

an atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged, with either a positive or negative electrical charge (atom's are normally neutrally charged)

subatomic particle

any of the three basic particles that make up atoms; these are smaller than atoms

Electron Energy levels (the circles)

go 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32

the electron cloud

is a region of moving electrons

Any time an atom has an unequal number of protons and electrons, It is called an _____

isotope

If an atom gains or looses a neutron it is called an _____

isotope

If an atom has a different number of nuetrons, then protons, it is an _______

isotope

Atoms are very very small. what would you compare it to___

piece of corn to a football field

In a neutrally charged atom, the number of ___ equal the number of ____.

protons = electrons

Which sub-atomic particles determine the charge of an atom?

protons and neutrons

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; each element has its own unique individual number of protons, so its own atomic number

electron energy levles (orbitals)

the specific amount of energy an electron has; there are up to seven different energy levels

In order to find how many neutrons are in an isotope, you take the ______ ______ and subtract the _____ ____

you take the ATOMIC MASS and subtract the ATOMIC NUMBER to find the number of neutrons

molecules are made of 2 or more _____ _____

2 or more different atoms

What set of particles have the most mass: a) 5 electrons, b)10 elctrons, c) 5 neutrons, d)10 protons

10 protons = 10 atomic mass **** 5 neutrons = 5 atomic mass, electons are 1/18000th of a proton

Everything is made up of ___

Atoms

If an atom has a diferent number of electrons then protons, ___

It is an ION, electrically charged

If a normal atom gains an electron it becomes _____ Charged

Negatively

A normal Atom has a ______ Charge

Neutral

A normal atom is electrically _________, meaning that it carries a _______ electrical charge of ZERO

Neutral, Neutral

Which element has 7 protons and 8 neutrons in the nucleus or the atom? Neon NE, Potassium K, Beryllium BE, Nitrogen N

Nitrogen, letter N

The ___ and ___ are in the _____ while the tiny ____ are outside the nucleus in the _______ cloud

The PROTONS and NEUTRONS are in the NUCLEUS while the tiny ELECTRONS are outside the nucleus in the ELECTRON CLOUD

Atom

The basic particle from which all elements and molecules are made; all mater is made of atoms

The electrons are organized into 7 _____ _______

energy levels

The center of an atom is called the __________

the Nucleolus

atomic mass (mass Number)

the average mass of all the various isotopes of an element (add each different isotope's mass together, then divide by the number of isotopes that exist)

nucleus

the central core of the atom containing the protons and neutrons; the tiny but high mass structure around which the electrons move

particle charge

the electrical charge carried by a subatomic particle protons have a positive (+) charge, and electrons have a negative (=) charge (Hint like a battery)

the nucleolus is surrounded by ______

the electron cloud