Vocabulary ATOMS, Molecules Ions and Isotopes
carbon has 6 protons, how many neutrons does the isotope Carbon-10 have? Carbon-14?
4 neutrons and 8 neutrons
______________ are the simplest substance made up of only one atom
Elements
proton
a positively-charged particle that is found in the atom's nucleus, and gives the element its identity
The center of an atom is a tiny, but ____ _____ containing _____ and ______
MASSIVE NUCLEUS containing PROTONS and NEUTRONS
electron cloud
a region surrounding the nucleus that contains the electrons in different energy levels
Protons have a _______ charge Neutrons have a _______ charge electrons have a _______ Charge
Positive charge = protons neutral charge = neutrons negative charge = electrons
If a normal atom LOOSES an electron it becomes ____ charged
Positively
A normal Atom has the same number of ___, ___, & ___
Protons, Neutrons and electrons
Atoms are made up of _____, _____, & _______
Protons, neutrons and electrons
What surrounds the necleus?
a cloud like region, the electron cloud
electron
a negatively charged particle that is found outside the nucleus of an atom, moving through the cloud like region surrounding the nucleus
molecule
a neutral (no charge) particle made up of two or more atoms joined together
neutron
a small subatomic particle located in the nucleus of the atom that lacks any electrical charge (neutral)
To change a plan atom into an ION you must
add or subtract an electron, ION means it has an electric charge.
isotope
an atom of an element that has the same number of protons as usual, but has a different number of neutrons in the nucleus
ion
an atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged, with either a positive or negative electrical charge (atom's are normally neutrally charged)
subatomic particle
any of the three basic particles that make up atoms; these are smaller than atoms
Electron Energy levels (the circles)
go 2, 8, 8, 18, 18, 32, 32
the electron cloud
is a region of moving electrons
Any time an atom has an unequal number of protons and electrons, It is called an _____
isotope
If an atom gains or looses a neutron it is called an _____
isotope
If an atom has a different number of nuetrons, then protons, it is an _______
isotope
Atoms are very very small. what would you compare it to___
piece of corn to a football field
In a neutrally charged atom, the number of ___ equal the number of ____.
protons = electrons
Which sub-atomic particles determine the charge of an atom?
protons and neutrons
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; each element has its own unique individual number of protons, so its own atomic number
electron energy levles (orbitals)
the specific amount of energy an electron has; there are up to seven different energy levels
In order to find how many neutrons are in an isotope, you take the ______ ______ and subtract the _____ ____
you take the ATOMIC MASS and subtract the ATOMIC NUMBER to find the number of neutrons
molecules are made of 2 or more _____ _____
2 or more different atoms
What set of particles have the most mass: a) 5 electrons, b)10 elctrons, c) 5 neutrons, d)10 protons
10 protons = 10 atomic mass **** 5 neutrons = 5 atomic mass, electons are 1/18000th of a proton
Everything is made up of ___
Atoms
If an atom has a diferent number of electrons then protons, ___
It is an ION, electrically charged
If a normal atom gains an electron it becomes _____ Charged
Negatively
A normal Atom has a ______ Charge
Neutral
A normal atom is electrically _________, meaning that it carries a _______ electrical charge of ZERO
Neutral, Neutral
Which element has 7 protons and 8 neutrons in the nucleus or the atom? Neon NE, Potassium K, Beryllium BE, Nitrogen N
Nitrogen, letter N
The ___ and ___ are in the _____ while the tiny ____ are outside the nucleus in the _______ cloud
The PROTONS and NEUTRONS are in the NUCLEUS while the tiny ELECTRONS are outside the nucleus in the ELECTRON CLOUD
Atom
The basic particle from which all elements and molecules are made; all mater is made of atoms
The electrons are organized into 7 _____ _______
energy levels
The center of an atom is called the __________
the Nucleolus
atomic mass (mass Number)
the average mass of all the various isotopes of an element (add each different isotope's mass together, then divide by the number of isotopes that exist)
nucleus
the central core of the atom containing the protons and neutrons; the tiny but high mass structure around which the electrons move
particle charge
the electrical charge carried by a subatomic particle protons have a positive (+) charge, and electrons have a negative (=) charge (Hint like a battery)
the nucleolus is surrounded by ______
the electron cloud
