Ch. 25

The mechanism of heat loss that involves the skin and alveoli of the lung is _______.

evaporation

The trace minerals found in extremely small quantities in the body include __________.

iron, zinc, copper, and manganese

Phoebe grew up in Alaska's interior and played with her friends at recess in temperatures just above 20 degrees Fahrenheit. In fact, administrators would not close her school until temperatures reached 5 degrees Fahrenheit. Which of the following terms describes her adaptation to Alaska's frigid winter climate?

Acclimatization

Which of the following is NOT a way your body generates or conserves heat?

Decreased metabolic rate

Why is hypervitaminosis involving water-soluble vitamins relatively uncommon?

Excessive amounts of these vitamins are readily excreted in the urine.

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is __________.

70 cal/hr or 1680 cal/day in the average individual

What is meant by the term balanced diet?

A balanced diet supplies all ingredients to maintain homeostasis.

During open-heart surgery, which of the following thermoregulatory changes is induced in the patient's body?

Hypothermia

Which of the following enables infants to produce or conserve heat?

Lipolysis of brown fat

Which of the following foods are deficient in dietary fiber?

Milk and meat

NAD, a key coenzyme used in the process of producing ATP, is produced from which water-soluble vitamin?

Niacin

Why are minerals, vitamins, and water classified as essential nutrients?

The body cannot synthesize these nutrients in sufficient quantities.

Milk and eggs are complete proteins because they contain __________.

all the essential amino acids in sufficient quantities

The minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person is the __________.

basal metabolic rate

The most important factor of good nutrition is obtaining nutrients __________.

in sufficient quantities and qualities

Lucy, a 35-year-old woman, says she cannot lose the fat around her abdomen because it is brown fat. You correct her by saying that brown fat is present primarily in __________.

infants

Before the large vitamin B12 molecule can be absorbed, it must be bound to __________.

intrinsic factor

Which of the following people would not likely be in positive nitrogen balance?

An elderly grandmother

What is the term for the direct transfer of heat energy through physical contact?

Conduction

Which of the following is a nitrogen-containing compound that is important for energy storage in muscle tissue?

Creatine

Which of the following is not one of the N compounds (nitrogen-containing compounds) in the body?

Glucose

What is a complete protein?

It contains all the essential amino acids.

Which of the following is NOT a mineral required by the body?

Thiamine

Which vitamin is required for the synthesis of visual pigments?

Vitamin A

An individual's basal metabolic rate ideally represents __________.

the minimum resting energy expenditure of an awake, alert person