Ch. 26

In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.

12

Although Samuel Morse had already invented a telegraph transmission code, it was only in the __________ that major continental landmasses were linked by submarine transoceanic cables.

1860s and 1870s.

The speed and efficiency of telegraphic communication was vastly augmented with Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in ________.

1876

Even young children—some as young as __ years old—worked in factories, some alongside their parents as family units.

7

All of the following were conducive to industrialization in Britain EXCEPT:

A low rate of unemployment.

Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was:

An improved network of roads, canals, and now railways in this region.

The most controversial part of the Darwinian biological theory as spelled out in On the Origin of Species (1859) was that characteristics are passed on by means of "natural selection", and thus: __________.

By random chance and a haphazard process.

The English philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a theory that came to be called "social ________", which sought to apply the ideas of natural selection to races, ethnicities, and peoples.

Darwinism.

In 1900 Sigmund Freud published his highly influential book on The Interpretation of _______, which developed his ideas of the subconscious mind.

Dreams

The invention of _______ by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Bernhard Nobel aided in the construction of the Panama Canal (1914).

Dynamite

The most famous—and most radical—of British political feminists was _________, who together with her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.

Emmeline Pankhurst

An English _________ League was established for organizing sporting activities in 1888.

Football

In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the _________, which made attacks on textile machinery punishable by death.

Frame Breaking Act

One social activist ___________, the child of a wealthy mill, drew attention to the abysmal conditions in his/her father's factories.

Friedrich Engels

__________ argued that rational thought would not improve either the individual or the welfare of humankind; only recourse to the "will to power" will suffice.

Friedrich Nietzsche

Modern industrialization had its start in the following nation:

Great Britain

By 1903, __________ had enhanced the power and range of his device enough to send the first transatlantic radio message, from Cape Cod in the United States to Cornwall in England.

Guglielmo Marconi

All of the following is true of Karl Marx EXCEPT:

He believed that the working class, or proletariat, would gradually attain power and slowly replace the upper classes through more of an economic evolution than revolution

All of the following is true of Robert Owen, a factory owner in the north of England, EXCEPT:

He formed an ideal, Utopian community in the United States and lived out his life peacefully in New Hampshire.

The Scottish engineer _________ patented his steam engine in 1769, creating a machine that was five times as efficient as previous models.

James Watt.

Among the components that Siegfried Marcus designed for his combustion-engine automobile were all of the following except:

Keyless ignition

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels dashed off their pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in the city of ____________.

London

The first fully automatic __________ was conceived by Hiram Maxim, an American inventor and dabbler in electricity.

Machine gun.

In the late summer of 1845, Mary Paul, age 15, went to work in a spinning room in the booming mill town of Lowell, _______.

Massachusetts

Karl Marx replaced Hegel's dialectical schema with one of his own, based on the concept of economic class struggle, or dialectical _________.

Materialism

Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.

Mauser

Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage of railroads laid in Britain grew by a factor of ______.

Nine

Children frequently began work in mines as "trappers", responsible for:

Opening and shutting ventilation doors in mineshafts.

The Communist Manifesto declared, "The _________ have nothing to lose but their chains."

Proletarians

The first man to import industrialism into the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century was:

Samuel Slater

All of the following is true of Emmeline Pankhurst EXCEPT:

She was imprisoned and transported to Australia for political agitation, where she lived out the remainder of her life.

Over the course of the 19th century population in the industrialized nations of Europe:

Shifted from rural to urbanized settings

In 1911 the Austrian composer and theoretician Arnold Schoenberg announced a new, modern style of musical composition that featured Freudian themes along with:

The noise of engines and machines.

All of the following technological innovations were important to mechanization EXCEPT:

The static shuttle

All of the following men contributed significantly to the development of mechanical power EXCEPT:

Thomas Edison

By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was joined with a final golden spike at Promontory Point, _______, resulting in an astonishing total of 53,000 rail miles in the US by 1870.

Utah

Charles Goodyear invented a process in 1839 that produced _________ rubber.

Vulcanized

Between 1870 and 1914, German production of steel accomplished all of the following EXCEPT:

Were able to develop heavier, more expensive steel than that produced by Great Britain.

Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship was kept aloft by the incorporation of bags filled with _________ gas and powered by two 16-horsepower engines.

hydrogen

The following list is in the correct chronological order:

▪ James Watt perfects the steam engine ▪ The Suez Canal is opened ▪ Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb ▪ Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message

The following list is in correct chronological order:

▪ Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto ▪ Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection ▪ Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams ▪ Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity