Ch 26: The Reproductive System
Damage to the sustentacular cells of the testes could impair:
sparmatogenesis
Which of the following is the most inferior portion of the uterus?
cervix
What process shuffles the alleles and causes homologous chromosomes to no longer be identical during meiosis?
crossing over
What effect do you think douching, or washing, has on the vagina?
douching washes away beneficial bacteria and alters the pH balance of the vagina
Sperm in the epididymis travel immediately next to the:
ductus deferens
Which of the following ducts travels through the prostate?
ejaculatory duct
The movement of sperm, testicular fluids, and secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicle into the urethra is known as:
emission
What is the name of the stem cell that begins the process of spermatogenesis?
spermatogonium
What is the maturation process in which spermatids elongate and shed excess cytoplasm?
spermiogenesis
By what time of life are all oogonia formed in females?
before birth
Identify the seminal vesicles.
A
Which of the following is linked with many cases of cervical cancer?
HPV
Which of the following is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism in females?
ovulation
Where should a fertilized ovum implant?
uterus
What part of the female reproductive system receives the penis during sexual intercourse?
vagina
Which of the following is NOT part of the female's external genitalia?
vagina
From which follicle will a secondary oocyte be released through ovulation?
vesicular (tertiary) follicle
Which of the following may be prevented with a vaccine?
HPV
A female wants to take a hormonal contraceptive that contains progesterone only. What could be an option?
IM injections of the Depo-Provera shot
Which of the following is NOT an anabolic effect of testosterone?
Testosterone increases libido -bone density -the number of erythrocytes -skeletal muscle mass
A couple want to have sexual intercourse, and they do not wish to use a behavior method as a form of birth control since they know it comes with high risk. What could be an alternative method?
condoms
Assuming a 28-day ovarian cycle, on what day should ovulation occur?
day 14
The common viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis.
false
The high levels of estrogens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle trigger release of more FSH and LH, and their levels peak around day 14, which causes ovulation.
false
The round ligaments connect each ovary to the uterus and receive an oocyte during ovulation.
false
When menstruation has ceased for at least one year, what has occurred?
female climacteric, or menopause
The fusion of sperm and egg is known as:
fertilization
Which of the following is the phase of the ovarian cycle during which several primary follicles mature into secondary follicles?
follicular phase
Complete this analogy: Testes are to gonads as sperm are to:
gametes
Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces:
gametes
Which of the following is NOT a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria?
genital herpes -syphilis -gonorrhea -chlamydia
What type of birth control may prevent pregnancy by manipulating the hormones and interfering with ovulation?
hormonal method
An elderly man, Mr. Gee, is unable to maintain an erection. Classify his condition.
impotence
In a female, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) target the:
ovaries
What is the main female gonad?
ovary
What is the cause of trichomoniasis?
parasite
During which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle will stratum functionalis develop with endometrial glands and spiral arteries and veins?
proliferative (preovulatory) phase
A seventy-five-year-old male has noticed he has had difficulty urinating. His physician says his difficulty is most likely due to an enlarged gland known as the:
prostate
At what point in life does spermatogenesis begin in a male?
puberty
Contraction of the cremaster muscle:
pulls the testes closer to the body
Which of the following can be fertilized?
secondary oocyte
Which of the following male accessory sex glands produces a yellowish secretion containing fructose, prostaglandins, coagulating proteins and enzymes?
seminal vesicle
Where does sperm production occur within the testis?
seminiferous tubules
Which of the following is NOT a region of the male urethra?
serosa -prostatic -spongy -membranous
Spermiogenesis begins with a ________ and ends with a ________.
spermatid, sperm
The process of male gamete, or sperm cell, development is known as:
spermatogenesis
Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation?
stratum functionalis of the endometrium
A male visiting a health clinic presents with a pink rash all over the body, a fever, joint pain, and complains of some hair loss. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) this patient has contracted.
syphilis
Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis?
testosterone
A parent cell has 28 chromosomes and completes meiosis. How many chromosomes result in each cell produced?
14 chromosomes
Cervical mucus thins on this day to facilitate the passage of sperm into the uterus.
C
Identify the bulbourethral gland.
C
Estrogens are responsible for:
adipose tissue deposits in the breasts, hips, & thighs
What structures are NOT present in the mammary gland of a non-lactating female?
alveoli -estrogen -areola -mammary ducts
Where does fertilization usually occur?
ampulla of the uterine tubes
What component allows semen to temporarily coagulate, preventing it from leaking back out of the female reproductive tract, once ejaculated?
clotting proteins and enzymes
A male bodybuilder takes testosterone supplements to increase his muscle mass. After three weeks, which of the following do you expect to observe?
excess testosterone inhibits production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
The reduction in the number of chromosomes to half the normal count occurs during:
meiosis
Which portion of the penis is called the foreskin?
prepuce
How many tetrads form during synapsis of meiosis for humans?
23
How many spermatids result from one spermatogonium?
4
Place these stages of the ovarian cycle in the correct order. 1.Corpus albicans 2.Vesicular (tertiary) follicle 3.Primary follicle 4.Ruptured follicle 5.Primordial follicle 6.Secondary follicle 7.Corpus luteum
5 3 6 2 4 7 1 5.Primordial Follicle 3.Primary follicle 6.Secondary follicle 2.Vesicular follicle 4.Ruptured follicle 7. Corpus luteum 1.Corpus Albicans
During this phase of the uterine cycle, the uterus sheds the stratum functionalis of the endometrium.
A
During the ovarian cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) occurs which relates to this phase of the uterine cycle.
B
Identify the ovary.
C
During this phase of the uterine cycle, the endometrium prepares for implantation of an embryo by continuing to grow, increasing vasculature, and secreting nutrients into the uterine cavity.
D
Identify the ductus deferens.
D
Identify the ejaculatory duct.
E
Identify the uterus.
E
Identify the vagina.
F
Which of the following accompanies puberty?
menarche
Determine the effect of inhibin on male hormone production.
the release of FSH will decrease
A cell with 12 pairs of homologous chromosomes is said to be diploid, 2n.
true
Ovulation is triggered by a positive feedback loop resulting in a surge of:
LH
Women who wish to become pregnant should have sexual intercourse after a surge in:
LH
What is the action of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone
During what phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated from one another and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers?
anaphase I
Decline in male reproductive functions occurs during:
andropause
Semen is expelled from the body during:
ejaculation
Enlargement of the prostate can constrict the:
ejaculatory duct
Which of the following is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system?
erection
During an erection, blood from the testicular arteries fills the vascular spaces of the corpus spongiosum of the penis.
false
During the luteal phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen.
false
Testosterone is made by the myoid cells of the male testes.
false
From its proximal end at the uterus as it approaches the ovary, the regions of the uterine tube are:
isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae
Which ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?
ovarian ligament
Blockage to the mammary ducts of the mammary gland prevents the passage of:
milk
What portion of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and contracts rhythmically during orgasm and childbirth?
myometrium
A female patient complains of a greenish-white discharge from her vagina that has a strong odor. She also experiences itching and burning of her genitals. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) she has.
trichomoniasis
Barrier methods of birth control prevent sperm from moving beyond the vagina and include condoms, diaphragms, cervical caps, and the sponge.
true
During cold temperatures, the testes are pulled closer to the pelvic floor and the warmth of the body wall, and the scrotum becomes shorter and heavily wrinkled.
true
From one original cell, four genetically unique daughter cells, each with 23 nonreplicated chromosomes, are produced at the conclusion of meiosis II of spermatogenesis.
true
High levels of testosterone inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus.
true
If pregnancy occurs, the secretory phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle continues and the uterus will continue to develop.
true
Spermatogenesis results in four spermatids, each containing 23 chromosomes.
true
The accessory sex glands that contribute fluids to semen are the bulbourethral gland, the prostate, and seminal vesicles.
true