CH 26 US History

The National Recovery Administration sought to promote economic recovery by

experimenting with national economic planning.

During the Hundred Days, Roosevelt did all of the following, EXCEPT

propose government ownership of major industries.

Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that a __________ of production would restore purchasing power to farmers.

reduction

The Indian Reorganization Act did each of the following EXCEPT

reestablish the Indian Reservations, 47 years after the Dawes Act abolished them.

Hoover's response to the Depression could best be described as

restrained and cautious.

Hoover believed that unemployment relief

should come from private charities.

The sitdown strike

was first used against General Motors in 1936.

The industrial union movement of the 1930s

was led by John L. Lewis and the UMW.

How did FDR's attitude toward planned deficits affect the success of the New Deal's efforts to rescue the economy?

x.He avoided planned deficits, spending too much on his New Deal programs and nearly bankrupting the United States.

What caused the National Recovery Administration ultimately to fail?

x.It didn't attempt to address labor leaders' goals of ensuring maximum working hours and establishing minimum wage.

What was the major political legacy of the New Deal?

x.It restored the U.S. economy to its original preeminence in the world.

How did Huey Long's "Share the Wealth" movement of 1935 reflect on the U.S. government's efforts to address the Great Depression?

x.The "Share the Wealth" movement complimented the New Deal's programs, which similarly sought to increase the standard of living of all Americans.

How did agencies created during the Hundred Days affect the Great Depression?

x.They strengthened all the failing banks of the country, restoring Americans' confidence in banking.

The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act

granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain.

The social and economic effects of the Depression

hit the middle class especially hard.

How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929?

ild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices.

The most striking characteristic of the stock market in 1929 was

investors' obsession with speculation.

What was the primary motivation for the passage of the Social Security Act?

A sense of duty to ensure that all America's citizens, especially the elderly, handicapped, and unemployed, were adequately provided for.

What role did FDR play in the shifting of African American political affiliation from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party?

FDR appointed African Americans to high-ranking positions and criticized racial discrimination.

Why did farmers during the Great Depression resort to such extreme measures as dumping fresh milk into the streets?

Farmers hoped to create demand and drive up prices for their products.

The individual most responsible for promoting African American rights during the New Deal was

Harry Hopkins.

How might FDR's personal background have prepared him to meet the challenges of the Great Depression?

His bout with polio gave him personal experience of suffering and made him more sensitive to the downtrodden of society.

What effect did the Great Depression have on immigration to the United States?

It effectively reversed the flow, with hundreds of thousands being deported.

How did the New Deal affect American industrial workers?

It provided the means for them to organize and bargain for benefits.

How did the Roosevelt administration finally deal with the problem of agricultural overproduction?

It set production limits for leading crops and paid farmers subsidies.

Which was NOT a criticism of the Social Security Act?

It would transfer much of the national wealth to a minority of the population.

How was American handling of the crises of World War One and the Great Depression similar?

Just as the War provided women and minorities with job opportunities, so did the Great Depression offer more unskilled, typically female and minority jobs.

Which was NOT a way that the Great Depression benefited the Democrats?

The handling of the Depression by Democrats was universally popular and led to a short period of Democratic control of the Congress.

How did the Great Depression affect Americans psychologically?

Unemployment and poverty undermined people's sense of self-worth and caused many to despair.

How did women and minorities benefit from the organization of labor?

Unskilled labor, which largely consisted of women and minorities, was represented along with skilled labor by the CIO and AFL.

Francis Townsend advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to

all Americans over the age of 60.

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was designed to

bring modernization and jobs to desolate areas of the upper rural South.

By 1935, Roosevelt's severest critics were

demanding more radical reforms.

By 1932, what percentage of American workers were unemployed?

25

Why was the New Deal criticized during the early years of the Great Depression?

Because it tended to benefit large businesses and farms, leaving the poor and elderly unaided.

How did the consumer-goods revolution contribute to the great crash of 1929?

Because of the availability of durable goods that didn't need to be regularly replaced, production outpaced demand, which led to wide-scale layoffs.

What was the most significant long-range effect of the New Deal on American society?

Certain key programs, such as Social Security, have become an integral part of American life, providing essential benefits to millions of Americans today.

Young men were hired to clear land, plant trees, build bridges, and fish ponds by the

Civilian Conservation Corps.

How did the country's experience of World War I shape the national response to the Great Depression under FDR?

During the war years, the country had experienced general mobilization of the nation's resources in the service of a common goal, facilitating implementation of the New Deal, another form of general mobilization.

Which of FDR's actions ended the immediate financial crisis of the 1930s?

He took control of the nation's banks, thereby restoring the public's confidence in the banking system.

Why did FDR attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court?

He wanted to remove the final and most powerful threat to his New Deal by replacing judges who opposed its programs.

After 1937, the WPA denied employment to aliens, a decision that greatly affected

Mexican Americans.

Which New Deal program did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional?

National Recovery Administration

Despite the New Deal, ________ were the country's most impoverished citizens.

Native Americans

Why did the Great Depression affect racial minorities more severely than other groups?

Racial minorities were the first to be fired and last to be hired.

Which was NOT a problem encountered by the National Recovery Administration?

The appeal for patriotic public support fell on deaf ears.

How did the creation of reform programs during the New Deal eventually lead to its demise?

The programs required massive government spending and couldn't be sustained.

Roosevelt's "court packing" proposal was NOT

successful at limiting the power of the Supreme Court.

Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation was designed to

support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones.

In his second term, Roosevelt was stung by each of the following EXCEPT

the defeat of minimum wage and maximum hour legislation.