Ch 3

In 2013, it was estimated that ________ adults in the U.S. had high blood pressure.

1 in 3

Products that are designated by the medical community to help a person to communicate, see, hear, or maneuver are referred to as ______________________.

Assistive devices

A cell body with a nucleus and a conduction fiber is a(n):

Axon

Which of the following is NOT a major subsystem of the nervous system? A. Central nervous system B. Traumatic nervous system C. Peripheral nervous system D. Autonomic nervous system

B. Traumatic nervous system

The virus that causes AIDS is:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

A system that is made up of organs and cells that work together to defend the body against disease is the ___________________.

Immune system

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease that affects ___________.

Myelin, which is an insulating layer or membrane (the myelin sheath) that wraps around nerve fibers (axons) of the brain and spinal cord

A biological system that is made up of organs and cells that work together to defend the body against disease is:

The immune system

Assistive devices are products designated by ________________ to help a person with some physical challenges to see, hear, or maneuver.

The medical community

A biological system which supports and protects the body and provides motion is:

The musculoskeletal system

33. True or False. The autonomic nervous system, which is a subsystem of the nervous system, consists of nerves controlling cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory systems.

True

Public health research and practice is important because:

the health care system alone cannot offset the effects of external environmental forces on health

24. Which of the following is true regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD)? A. As educational and income level increase, prevalence of CVD increase B. American Indian and Alaska Natives are more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to have some type of CVD C. Hispanic and Latino adults are more likely than Whites to have CVD D. The prevalence of CVD in the U.S. is low

B. American Indian and Alaska Natives are more likely than other racial/ethnic groups to have some type of CVD

_______________________ is the measure of pressure of the blood against the wall of a blood vessel which Blacks, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Mexican Americans are all more likely to suffer from than European Americans.

Blood pressure

Define blood pressure and explain how problems with blood pressure affect activities of daily life.

Blood pressure is the measure of the pressure of the blood against the wall of a blood vessel. High blood pressure has been called the silent killer, because many people have it without noticeable symptoms. It is the lading cause of strokes and is a major risk factor for heart attacks and kidney failure. Addressing high blood pressure may mean examiningg sources of stress and patterns of coping, diet, and how much exercise one gets on a regular basis, as well as one's social and economic external environmental conditions. One mus also consider tobacco use, diets high in cholesterol, physical inactivity and excess weight.

More recently the number of biologically described genders has expanded to five. Which of the following is NOT one of the five? A. heterosexual male B. heterosexual female C. bisexual D. transsexual

C. bisexual

The most common cause of death in the USA is:

Cardiovascular disease

The most common cause of death in this country is ________________________.

Cardiovascular disease

The use of _______________________ has been increasing among many sexually active teens in the United States.

Contraception

True or False. Despite the introduction of new medical protocols, the perception of HIV/AIDS as a terminal disease has never changed.

False. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became widespread in the US in 1996 and altered the perception of AIDS from being seen as a terminal disease to being a chronic disease.

True or False. The peripheral nervous system, which is a subsystem of the nervous system, consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

False. The peripheral nervous system consists of the spinal cord and cranial nerves.

True or False. Science has discovered extensive amounts of information about neurotransmitters and have identified all existing transmitters.

False. They are currently the focus of much current research, and scientists have not yet articulated all that positivist research reveals about what neurotransmitters do. Medical research has revealed very little about many of the neurotransmitters and may not yet have identified them all.

True or False. The basic working unit of all the nervous systems is the neurotransmitters.

False. They may either excite or inhibit nervous system responses.

The endocrine system regulates the secretion of hormones through a:

Feedback control mechanism

The basic unit of all the nervous systems is a(n):

Neuron

Which region of the brain helps with vision?

Occipital lobe

Which region of the brain helps with intellectual processing and the integration of sensory information?

Parietal lobe

Explain the impact of a person's socioeconomic environment on health outcomes. Include in your discussion the factors that have been consistently showing up in the research. What has been your own experience with socioeconomic status and health outcomes?

Poor health outcomes are associated with low income, low education, unsanitary housing, inadequate health care, unstable employment and unsafe physical environments. This is due to differential access to health care, environmental exposures, health behaviors, exposures to stress, and neighborhood and community.

A medication which affects behaviors and symptoms associated with diagnoses of mental illness by affecting the levels of specific neurotransmitters and altering the balance among neurotransmitters is:

Psychotropic medication

The great majority of school districts that have sex education policies that:

Require that abstinence be promoted

Which region of the brain helps with language, memory, and emotions?

Temporal lobe

A biological system that provides the structure and processes for communicating sensory, and perceptual information, and integrating incoming information throughout the body is:

The nervous system

A biological system for which is important for adolescents to develop an understanding of the structures and functions involved, as well as a value base is:

The reproductive system

True or False. A synapse is a gap that is the connection between each axon and dendrite.

True

True or False. A system that is made up of organs and cells that work together to defend the body against disease is the immune system.

True

True or False. A traumatic brain injury is defined as an insult to the brain which is caused by an external physical force and may result in a diminished or altered state of consciousness.

True

True or False. Diabetes mellitus is the most common illness caused by hormonal imbalance.

True

True or False. Public health experts have noted an association between poor health outcomes and low income, low education, unsanitary housing, inadequate health care, unstable employment, and unsafe physical environments.

True

True or False. The prevalence of hypertension among Blacks in the US is the highest in the world.

True

Lymphocytes are:

White blood cells

During the course of the life span, the immune system:

is more effective in adolescence and adulthood than at other times of the life cycle

The neurotransmitter commonly associated with its role in influencing emotional behavior, cognition, and motor activity is:

Dopamine

The _______________________ system plays a crucial role in a person's growth, metabolism, development, learning, and memory.

Endocrine

True or False. A nonspecific immunity involves the lymphocytes and develops a memory of an infection that allows the body to make a rapid defense against a subsequent exposure.

False. That is a specific immunity. A nonspecific immunity is more general, wherein "scavenger cells, or phagocytes, circulate in the blood and lymph, being attracted by biochemical signals to congregate at the site of a wound and ingest antigens

True or False. The central nervous system, which is a subsystem of the nervous system, consists of spinal and cranial nerves.

False. The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

Which region of the brain helps with social functioning, reasoning and thinking, and expressive functioning?

Frontal lobe

Provide a brief explanation for why sources of financial support are especially important for someone diagnosed with HIV/AIDS.

HAART, the primary medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, is tremendously expensive. Prices will increase if one gets more sick, if their income declines, or their medical expenses increase

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and make appropriate health decisions is known as:

Health literacy

Describe multiple sclerosis and its prevalence rates in the U.S.

Multiple Sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory disease that affects myelin. It is also considered an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin, resulting in lesions. These lesions then slow or halt the nerve impulse, leading to neurological signs and symptoms associated with MS. 250-350k people in the US have been diagnosed with MS. The rate has steadily increased, with twice as many women being diagnosed with it than men. It is more common in colder climates and in Caucasians.

The neurotransmitter most closely associated with sensory processes, mood, and depression and anxiety diagnosis is:

Serotonin

Current research indicates that the relationship between health and _________ involve a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Socioeconomic status

Which factor suggests that individuals will experience negative health effects?

Socioeconomic status

Provide a brief explanation for the role that the thymus plays in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS.

The Thymus gland secretes Thymosins which trigger development of T lymphocytes, which orchestrate the immune system response. It is believed to trigger the development of T cells, the white blood cells that mature in the thymus. These slow down, fight, and attack antigens. The Thymus is one of the main lymphatic organs.

A biological system that is made up of the heart and the blood circulatory system is:

The cardiovascular system

A biological system that plays an important role in a person's growth, metabolism, development, learning, and memory is:

The endocrine system