Ch. 3 Quizzes
The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the "___________" pathway
"What"
To demonstrate the complexity of human perception, a challenge took place in California where entrants had to design a motorized vehicle that could drive through a 55-mile course without human assistance. The winning vehicle was only able to stay on the course and avoid various obstacles while traveling a rate of __________ miles
14
Pain perception is influenced by top-down and bottom-up processes
?
The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate
An effect of experience-dependent plasticity
The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as
Brain ablation
"Light from above" is a perceptual semantic regularity
False
Gestalt psychologists believed perception was based on experience
False
Gestalt psychologists originated in France
False
Recognition and perception are the same things
False
People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the
Oblique effect
Speech segmentation is defined as
Organizing the sounds of speech into individual words
The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _________ lobe
Parietal
If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _________ processing
Top-down
A "scene schema" refers to a person's knowledge about what a particular scene typically contains
True
A loaf of bread is a common item found in a kitchen
True
Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?
When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception
Light sources are typically from above
True
Perception begins when one of the senses is stimulated
True
Signals from nociceptors are perceived as unpleasant
True
Some neurons respond best to horizontal and vertical edges of the things in the environment around us
True
The temporal lobe is critical for object identification
True
Top-down processing is useful for recognizing things in our environment
True
We "see" things because they reflect light
True
"Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible" refers to which Gestalt law?
Good figure
Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by
Helmholtz
The "what" pathway is also called the "what action" pathway
False
The placebo effect does not occur with the experience of pain
False
Viewpoint __________ is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives
Invariance
The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the
Inverse projection problem
The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called
Neuropsychology
Experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called
Perception
The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of
Perceptual organization
The demonstration in your text asks you to visualize scenes such as an office, a department store clothing section, a lion, and a microscope often results in more details in the scene of the office or department store than the scene with the lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of __________ in those scenes
Semantic regularities
You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of
Similarity
In text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles?
Simplicity
"Perceiving machines" are used by the U.S. Postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address, because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of
Top-down processing
According to unconscious inference, people perceive whatever is most likely to have produced the sensory experience
True
Action potentials for vision begin in the retina and progress to the optic nerve
True
In a landmark discrimination task, the goal is to identify which landmark an object is near
True
In an object discrimination task, the key to success is not having a damaged brain
True
The likelihood principle states that
We perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received