Ch. 3 Quizzes

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the "___________" pathway

"What"

To demonstrate the complexity of human perception, a challenge took place in California where entrants had to design a motorized vehicle that could drive through a 55-mile course without human assistance. The winning vehicle was only able to stay on the course and avoid various obstacles while traveling a rate of __________ miles

14

Pain perception is influenced by top-down and bottom-up processes

?

The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate

An effect of experience-dependent plasticity

The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as

Brain ablation

"Light from above" is a perceptual semantic regularity

False

Gestalt psychologists believed perception was based on experience

False

Gestalt psychologists originated in France

False

Recognition and perception are the same things

False

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

Oblique effect

Speech segmentation is defined as

Organizing the sounds of speech into individual words

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _________ lobe

Parietal

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _________ processing

Top-down

A "scene schema" refers to a person's knowledge about what a particular scene typically contains

True

A loaf of bread is a common item found in a kitchen

True

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

Light sources are typically from above

True

Perception begins when one of the senses is stimulated

True

Signals from nociceptors are perceived as unpleasant

True

Some neurons respond best to horizontal and vertical edges of the things in the environment around us

True

The temporal lobe is critical for object identification

True

Top-down processing is useful for recognizing things in our environment

True

We "see" things because they reflect light

True

"Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible" refers to which Gestalt law?

Good figure

Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by

Helmholtz

The "what" pathway is also called the "what action" pathway

False

The placebo effect does not occur with the experience of pain

False

Viewpoint __________ is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives

Invariance

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the

Inverse projection problem

The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called

Neuropsychology

Experience resulting from stimulation of the senses and information from the senses that can help guide our actions is called

Perception

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of

Perceptual organization

The demonstration in your text asks you to visualize scenes such as an office, a department store clothing section, a lion, and a microscope often results in more details in the scene of the office or department store than the scene with the lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of __________ in those scenes

Semantic regularities

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

Similarity

In text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles?

Simplicity

"Perceiving machines" are used by the U.S. Postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations. Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address, because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory. Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of

Top-down processing

According to unconscious inference, people perceive whatever is most likely to have produced the sensory experience

True

Action potentials for vision begin in the retina and progress to the optic nerve

True

In a landmark discrimination task, the goal is to identify which landmark an object is near

True

In an object discrimination task, the key to success is not having a damaged brain

True

The likelihood principle states that

We perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received