Ch. 32,33,and 34 Community Health II
Which statement regarding population areas indicates the need for further education by the nurse? "A community with 100,000 residents and a central city is a metropolitan area." "A community with 16,500 residents and no urban cluster constitutes a non-core area." "A community with one million residents and a central city is considered an urban area." "A community with 2,500 in an agricultural area would be a large-fringe community."
"A community with 2,500 in an agricultural area would be a large-fringe community."
Which statement indicates an understanding of health statistics in rural versus urban areas? "Adults living in rural areas are more likely to self-report obesity." "People living in rural areas visit dentists twice a year." "Children living in rural areas have a lower death rate." "People living in rural areas have good health insurance."
"Adults living in rural areas are more likely to self-report obesity."
Which statement recalling common health problems in the migrant and seasonal farmworker (MSFW) requires correction by the nurse? "The most common mental health issues of MSFWs are anxiety and depression." "Children in the MSFW population are under-vaccinated because of cultural beliefs." "MSFWs are subject to health disparities because of lifestyle and racial differences." "Lack of knowledge and services in the MSFW population can lead to exacerbation of treatable conditions."
"Children in the MSFW population are under-vaccinated because of cultural beliefs."
Which statement made by the nurse would help build a trusting relationship with a homeless individual who has been coming to the clinic due to ongoing feet issues? "It's hard to make any headway related to this because you don't do what we have recommended." "I can see that you are in severe pain. I will check with the health care provider about how we can help and come right back." "You had an appointment to follow up with the podiatrist about your feet, but they said that you cancelled." "Would you be open to carrying out our recommendations if we provide you with the necessary supplies?"
"I can see that you are in severe pain. I will check with the health care provider about how we can help and come right back."
A nurse is discharging a 50-year-old patient who was admitted for uncontrolled hypertension. The patient states, "I have nowhere to go. I have no one to pick me up, and I do not have money for food." What response by the nurse is the most appropriate? "There isn't anyone who can drive you home?" "You can take the bus if you prefer. No one has to come and get you to be discharged." "I don't know how to help you. I will have the patient advocate take you to the discharge area." "I have a list of food banks and shelters for you. Here is a phone and a number to call."
"I have a list of food banks and shelters for you. Here is a phone and a number to call."
Which nursing statement addresses the concept of "take-home exposure" to pesticides in the migrant and seasonal farmworker population? "Workers use pesticides for home use." "There is no way to prevent exposure to pesticide chemicals." "Pesticides are brought home when workers eat food that has been treated." "If a worker is exposed to pesticides at work, they may expose their children through their clothing when they come home."
"If a worker is exposed to pesticides at work, they may expose their children through their clothing when they come home."
Which information would the nurse provide to clarify the term chronically homeless during a state planning meeting? "People are chronically homeless if they are continually homeless for six months or more." "It refers to someone who is homeless at least four times in three years, for a total minimum of 12 months." "Chronically homeless is a term used by the federal government to determine eligibility for services." "It is a generic term used to refer to someone who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence."
"It refers to someone who is homeless at least four times in three years, for a total minimum of 12 months."
Which statement describing housing for migrant and seasonal farmworkers requires correction? "Affordable housing is scarce." "Many families may live together in the same dwelling." "Migrant housing is often crowded with poor sanitation." "Recent trends show more on-site housing provided by farms."
"Recent trends show more on-site housing provided by farms."
About what percent of rural Americans live below the federal poverty level? 10 percent 25 percent 50 percent 75 percent
25 percent
A which age would the nurse counsel a 58-year-old homeless unemployed middle-aged female patient that she would be eligible for social safety net programs, such as subsidized housing? 60 62 65 67
62
Which family exemplifies a single-parent family structure? A cohabiting couple with one faster child A divorced father who shares custody of his children A child who lives with grandparents while the parents work overseas The stepmother of two children from her spouse's previous marriage
A divorced father who shares custody of his children
Which parent would the community health nurse most expect to be economically disadvantaged? A single father A single mother A married mother A divorced mother
A single mother
When two or more people get the same illness after ingesting the same contaminated food or drink, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines this as an example of which type of surveillance system? Active Special Passive Sentinel
Active
The public health nurse is developing a substance abuse program based on the harm reduction model. Which factor is appropriate to include in the program? Addiction is a health problem All psychoactive drugs can be abused Drug tolerance leads to drug addiction People who abuse can be successfully treated All addiction treatment is covered by insurance
Addiction is a health problem All psychoactive drugs can be abused People who abuse can be successfully treated
Which environmental factor influences the setting in which drug abuse occurs? Genetics Advertising Competition Fast pace of life Subconscious thoughts
Advertising Competition Fast pace of life
A community health nurse is implementing a project with a cardiology health care provider group at a local hospital. The nurse arranges for health care professionals in a van to drive through the community with a high poverty rate and conduct blood pressure readings, discuss hypertension risk factors, and educate patients about diet to prevent hypertension and heart disease. What strategy is the nurse demonstrating with this program in this community? Showing respect, compassion, and concern Creating a trusting environment and not making assumptions Focusing on prevention and coordinating a network of services Advocating for accessible health care services and focusing on prevention
Advocating for accessible health care services and focusing on prevention
Which strategy included in the nurse's planning efforts is considered primary prevention for addressing homelessness? Advocating for affordable housing Seeking funding for a mobile medical van Providing support groups to address mental health issues Adding more temporary homeless shelters in accessible locations
Advocating for affordable housing
Which health care policy will the nurse teach about that safeguards farmworkers from exposure to harmful pesticides? Fair Labor Standards Act Agricultural Worker Protection Standard Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act Occupational Safety and Health Act's Field Sanitation Standards
Agricultural Worker Protection Standard
Which health care characteristic would be a barrier to care in rural areas? Available Agreeable Accessible Affordable Acceptable
Available Accessible Affordable
When developing a philosophy for the faith community nursing program within the congregation, which aspect would the nurse include when describing the commonalities within the group? Beliefs Finances Principles Geography Religious practices
Beliefs Principles Religious practices
Public health nurses need to be aware that surgery for women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations could reduce the risk of which type of cancer by 85 percent? Breast Ovarian Uterine Thyroid Cervical
Breast Ovarian
Which federally funded organization is responsible for developing a framework for school health programs? Healthy People 2020 CDC Healthy Schools Child Nutrition Act (CNA) American Nurses Association (ANA)
CDC Healthy Schools
Which term is used to describe the Mexican folk illness of fallen fontanel? Susto Empacho Mal de ojo Caida de mollera
Caida de mollera
Which group is included in the history of the origins of faith community nursing? Catholic nuns Jewish rabbis Muslim women Buddhist women Protestant women
Catholic nuns Protestant women
Which resource clarifies the population density and the demographics of the population under study in a community assessment? Census data Phone book Vital statistics vial statistics local publications
Census data
Which individuals would be the most appropriate for the nurse to utilize in facilitating an improvement in the health of members within a minority community? Church leaders Business leaders Government officials Health care providers
Church leaders
Which is a detailed stock of a group of people that share something in common, from the outside in and from the inside out, for the purpose of identifying and analyzing health conditions therein? Reginal appraisal County vital statistics Neighborhood census Community assessment
Community assessment
Which nursing action during the termination phase of home visits would require correction? Discuss what has occurred with the family Complete recording of interaction with the family Go over what has been accomplished with the family Review termination of the service at the first contact with the family
Complete recording of interaction with the family
Which step would the nurse take first when working with other local groups and health care providers to develop a coordinated network to serve poor and homeless patients? Create a system to enhance coordination of services and decrease fragmentation. Work with other local health care providers to create services and resources to fill identified gaps. Conduct a thorough assessment of the service area to identify available local, state, and federal services. Identify individuals who are serving the poor and homeless populations and who are willing to assume greater leadership roles.
Conduct a thorough assessment of the service area to identify available local, state, and federal services.
Which activity does the nurse identify as an example of a primary health prevention intervention for migrant and seasonal farmworkers? Screen for diabetes Conduct prenatal care Monitor tuberculosis drug treatment compliance Teaching exercises for back strengthening in rehabilitation of injury
Conduct prenatal care
A nurse compiles a list of local food banks in the community to provide to patients living in poverty. What strategy is the nurse demonstrating most clearly when working with homeless individuals, families, and populations? Creating a trusting environment Showing respect and compassion Coordinating a network of services Advocating for accessible health care services
Coordinating a network of services
A community health nurse is planning care for a community with a high poverty rate. Which factor contributes to the growing number of poor people in the United States? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Decreased earnings Changes in the labor force Decreased unemployment rates Increase in the number of male-headed households Increased high-school graduation rates Increase in the number of children born to single women
Decreased earnings Changes in the labor force Increase in the number of children born to single women
Which definition would the public health nurse use to describe the secondary level of prevention in public health nursing? Promotes protective factors to enhance health Encourages health and safeguards against risks to health Detects and screens for health problems in their early stages Attempts to limit further health damage from a diagnosed health problem
Detects and screens for health problems in their early stages
Which health condition is experienced by Latinos in the United States at three to five times the rate of the general population? Cancer Diabetes Heat Disease Chronic bronchitis
Diabetes
Which factor is a deterrent for members of a rural community in receiving preventive care? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Distance from home to health services Road conditions Lack of transportation Excess health care providers Number of health care facilities
Distance from home to health services Road conditions Lack of transportation Number of health care facilities
Which public health entity would the public health nurse recognize as dividing a geographic area into designated areas served by a group of nurses? District nursing Board of health Marine hospitals Settlement houses
District nursing
The school nurse wants to work with local law enforcement officers to provide information on drug use dangers to students. Which program would help the nurse reach this goal? Prohibition War on Drugs Harm Reduction Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)
Which term is used to describe the Mexican folk illness of indigestion? Susto Empacho Mal de ojo Caida de mollera
Empacho
According to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which is a principle of primary health care? Equity Acute care Health promotion Community participation International cooperation
Equity Community participation International cooperation
Which action describes the intention of the professional code of nursing? Set guidelines for clinical practice Describe the legal obligation to the patient Establish a foundation to meet moral obligations Provide a theoretical framework of nursing practice
Establish a foundation to meet moral obligations
As related to future nurses, which is the overall goal for the Quality and safety Education for nurses (QSEN) project? Coach nurses to explain why information and technology skills are essential for safety. Facilitate nurses' knowledge, skills, and attitudes to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care system. Teach nurses the technology required to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate errors, and support decision making. Prepare nurses for seeking education about how information is managed in the setting before providing an intervention.
Facilitate nurses' knowledge, skills, and attitudes to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care system.
Which health care policy will the nurse teach about that impacts migrant and seasonal farmworkers through child labor standards? Fair Labor Standards Act Agricultural Worker Protection Standard Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act Occupational Safety and Health Act's Field Sanitation Standard
Fair Labor Standards Act
Which factor has been established by epidemiological studies as increasing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer? Breastfeeding Oral contraceptive use Family health history Previous pregnancies
Family health history
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the PulseNet system for which reason? Provides all 50 states with a central reporting system with specific diagnostic criteria for diseases Fingerprinting of foodborne bacteria for early recognition and investigation of outbreaks of foodborne illnesses Database for health care providers to report and retrieve disease information and statistics Repository for naming, investigating, and tracking diseases within an occupational setting
Fingerprinting of foodborne bacteria for early recognition and investigation of outbreaks of foodborne illnesses
Which state is the entry port for eastern migratory streams of workers? Texas Florida Georgia California
Florida
Which historical aspect of faith community nursing compares to current medical practices? Focusing on health promotion Teaching disease management Providing needed immunizations Meeting spiritual needs of patients
Focusing on health promotion
Which study of the function and effects of single genes inherited by parents would the nurse need knowledge of when working in pediatrics? Genetics Heredity Genomics Pedigrees
Genetics
The nurse is working with teachers and administrators to identify students who are at an increased risk of harassment. Which group would the nurse include? Gifted students LBTQ students Student athletes Popular students Students with disabilities
Gifted students LBTQ students Students with disabilities
Which domain in the Multidimensional Poverty Index would the nurse use in discussing differing approaches and parameters in defining poverty with Legislators? Health Education Standard of living Social/relational health Social interconnectedness
Health Education Standard of living
Which term describes a group of people assembled from within a congregation to provide leadership and establish goals for the parish? Health cabinet Health ministry Faith community Holistic health center
Health cabinet
Which federal program was developed to assist state and local areas prepare for disasters by standardizing terminology as well as design practice drills? American Red Cross (ARC) Certified Emergency Response Team (CERT) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP)
Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP)
Which population is identified as a minority in rural areas? Homeless Migrant workers American Indians Caucasian adolescents European descendants
Homeless Migrant workers American Indians
Which group would the nurse collaborate with when planning activities to decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus within the congregation? Hospitals Teachers Workplaces Legislators Nutritionists Health care providers
Hospitals Teachers Workplaces Nutritionists Health care providers
Which person in a Mexican household is considered the major decision maker? Wife Sister Husband Grandmother
Husband
Which result can be determined by the HIV antibody test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA)? Isolation of the virus Measurement of the HIV viral load Identification of symptomatic AIDS Identification of the presence of an antibody
Identification of the presence of an antibody
Which resource would the nurse discuss with a local coalition as needed to address the primary causes of homelessness? Career counseling guidance and job attainment support Home ownership and financial planning education resources More drug prevention and mental health treatment programs Increase in affordable housing and housing assistance programs
Increase in affordable housing and housing assistance programs
A nurse in a community with a high poverty rate is conducting a needs assessment for health services. Which outcome is the community with a high poverty rate most likely to experience? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Lower crime rate Increase in disability Afterschool programs Poorer birth outcomes Increase in recreational parks
Increase in disability Poorer birth outcomes
With one of the longest histories of Healthy Communities and Cities programs, which state in the United States would the public health nurse use as a good source of case examples for healthy community initiatives? Florida Indiana New York Colorado
Indiana
The public health nurse is describing the history of Healthy Communities and Cities initiatives. A change which view of health was required for this new approach? Ecological Behavioral Biomedical Individualistic
Individualistic
Which youth population may be underrepresented in information from the Department of Education (DOE) Data Express Survey? Those aged 16 years and older Youths with uncertain immigration status Youths who move frequently between school districts Individuals who may not be in the public-school system
Individuals who may not be in the public-school system
Which federal agency that coordinates and directs federal homeless activities would help the nurse looking for guidance when tasked with meeting the needs of the homeless across a state? Continuum of Care program Interagency Council on Homelessness National Alliance to End Homelessness Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Interagency Council on Homelessness
What is a component of the public health Intervention Wheel? Interventions Nursing process Population basis Levels of practice Nursing code of ethics
Interventions Population basis Levels of practice
Which online course related to disaster response would be most beneficial for the staff of a health care facility who are beginning the process for setting up a control center? National Incident Management System, An Introduction Applying Incident Command System to Health Care Organizations Introduction to the Incident Command System for Health Care/Hospitals National Incident Management System Multiagency Coordination System
Introduction to the Incident Command System for Health Care/Hospitals
Which population is most at risk for chronic illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and HIV? Men Teens Low income Highly educated
Low income
The nurse works at a local center that coordinates multiple safety net programs. Which population is helped by the earned income tax credit (EITC) program? Retirees with high medical expenses Low- to moderate-income working individuals Those experiencing transitional homelessness Individuals who are experiencing short-term unemployment
Low- to moderate-income working individuals
Which term is used to describe the Mexican folk illness of the evil eye? Susto Empacho Mal de ojo Caida de mollera
Mal de ojo
Which health care policy does the nurse identify that impacts migrant and seasonal farmworkers through disclosure of employment terms and posting of worker protections? Fair Labor Standard Act Agricultural Worker Protection Standard Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act Occupational Safety and Health Act's Field Sanitation Standards
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act
Which chemical or physical phenomenon promotes errors in DNA replication? Cancer Disease Mutagen Reaction
Mutagen
Which statement correctly characterizes National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS) data? NAWS data show that the proportion of migrant crop workers is increasing. NAWS data have not been collected since 1989 due to difficulties with funding. NAWS data include items like country of origin, age, sex, and languages spoken. NAWS data reveal that migrant and seasonal workers differ in the majority of characteristics.
NAWS data include items like country of origin, age, sex, and languages spoken.
Which will the nurse identify as the most common form of child abuse? Sexual Neglect Physical Emotional
Neglect
Which intervention is important for the nurse to implement to increase access to meet the obstetrical needs of patients in rural areas? Network with obstetricians to expand service in the areas Instruction on prenatal vitamin use during entire pregnancy Implement a Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program Encourage continued use of exercise throughout pregnancy
Network with obstetricians to expand service in the areas
Which health care policy does the nurse identify that ensures drinkable water for migrant and seasonal farmworkers? Fair Labor Standards Act Agricultural Worker Protection Standard Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act Occupational Safety and Health Act's Field Sanitation Standard
Occupational Safety and Health Act's Field Sanitation Standard
The nurse is leading regional efforts to design a comprehensive plan to prevent and address homelessness. Which intervention would the nurse include as a tertiary approach? Providing rapid rehousing options for those newly homeless Increasing the number of emergency shelters and the scope of services offered Offering supportive housing for the chronically homeless population with mental health issues Developing transition programs for individuals with mental illness recently released from institutional care
Offering supportive housing for the chronically homeless population with mental health issues
which information is used to define the boundaries of a disease to help investigate possible sources? Individual client data Causes of outbreak Patterns of occurrence Role of collaborating agencies
Patterns of occurrence
Which area of specialization would the faith community nurse possess to meet the spiritual and health needs of young members of a congregation who are starting families? Pediatrics Geriatrics Obstetrics Critical care Public health
Pediatrics Obstetrics
Which is most negatively affected by federal government funding of drug control? Criminals incarcerated for drug-related offenses People requiring inpatient substance abuse treatment Police officers conducting drug raids in neighborhoods Emergency medical personnel costs for managing overdoses
People requiring inpatient substance abuse treatment
The nurse is working with agencies to develop disaster plans for high-risk institutions in the community. Which would be included? Homes Prisons Schools Individual businesses Long-term care facilities
Prisons Schools Long-term care facilities
Which suggestion would the nurse make to advocate for federal funding to help buffer the effects of toxic stress on a child's developing brain? Programs to support positive parenting through reading to their children Clinics to provide access to anti-anxiety medications and mental health services Funding to increase resources to enhance availability of healthy foods in low-income areas Training programs to help primary health care providers identify the effects of toxic stress during well visits
Programs to support positive parenting through reading to their children
In reviewing historical perspectives on alcohol and drug problems in the United States, which event was related to the banning of alcoholic beverages? Prohibition War on Drugs Controlled Substances Act Drug Enforcement Administration
Prohibition
Which program would the nurse in a synagogue provide on the Sabbath? Providing worship and prayer Delivering meals to older adults Performing blood pressure screenings teaching about health and medications
Providing worship and prayer
Which health concern poses the greatest health risk for area homeless youth and children and should be the focus for enhanced services at a local clinic? Acute illnesses Infectious diseases Inadequate nutrition Psychological well-being
Psychological well-being
Which term describes a population of fewer than 20,000 residents? Rural Urban Suburban Metropolitan county
Rural
Which community health model views individuals as having dynamic interactions with social and environmental features of communities such as social networks, organizations, media, government policies, and environments? Utilitarian Socio-ecological Population-centered Collaborative practice
Socio-ecological
Multi-generational poverty is common among African Americans living in which region of the United States? East West North South
South
Which geographical area would the nurse include when focusing care on residents experiencing the doughnut effect of population shifts? Rural Small Urban Suburban
Suburban
Which is an important consideration related to pesticide exposure that the nurse understands when caring for migrant populations? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Migrant workers are given thorough information and training on pesticide safety. Symptoms of pesticide exposure include headache and shortness of breath. Employers are required to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to workers. Migrant workers may have preconceived notions that only weak people are harmed by pesticides. Some migrant workers may believe exposure to cool water is harmful when feeling hot and may therefore not shower after pesticide exposure.
Symptoms of pesticide exposure include headache and shortness of breath. Migrant workers may have preconceived notions that only weak people are harmed by pesticides. Some migrant workers may believe exposure to cool water is harmful when feeling hot and may therefore not shower after pesticide exposure.
Which state is the entry port for midwestern migratory streams of workers? Texas Florida Georgia Claifornia
Texas
A patient is asking for the latest guidelines regarding vaccination. Which organization issues the vaccine schedule on an annual basis? Maternal and Child Health Bureau The Environmental Hazards and Effects Program The Health Resources and Services Administration The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
Which historical event changed the focus of school nursing from health at the public and community level to promoting health within schools? World War I Korean War Plessy v. Ferguson The Great Depression
The Great Depression
Which action by the public health nurse demonstrates the role of case finder? The public health nurse directs a newly disabled adult to a community group that installs ramps for homes with stairs The public health nurse conducts hearing screenings in children to connect those with hearing deficits to necessary resources The public health nurse demonstrates use of a deeding tube to the parents of a child with a disability and observes return demonstration The public health nurse speaks on behalf of the blind people in the community asking for installation of audible crosswalk assistive devices at all intersections
The public health nurse conducts hearing screenings in children to connect those with hearing deficits to necessary resources
Which action by the public health nurse demonstrates the role of referral agent? The public health nurse directs a newly disabled adult to a community group that installs ramps for homes with stairs. The public health nurse conducts hearing screenings in children to connect those with hearing deficits to necessary resources. The public health nurse demonstrates use of a feeding tube to the parents of a child with a disability and observes return demonstration. The public health nurse speaks on behalf of the blind people in the community asking for installation of audible crosswalk assistive devices at all intersections.
The public health nurse directs a newly disabled adult to a community group that installs ramps for homes with stairs.
Which statement reflects the definition of epidemiology? A pattern of health events in a specific population The factors that determine the patterns of health events The rate of disease that exceeds the usual level of that condition The study of health and disease in members of a specific population
The study of health and disease in members of a specific population
Demographically, what is true of rural settings when compared with urban settings? There are more residents under the age of 18 and over the age of 65. There are fewer residents under the age of 18 and over the age of 65. There are more residents under the age of 18 and fewer over the age of 65. There are fewer residents under the age of 18 and more over the age of 65.
There are more residents under the age of 18 and over the age of 65.
Which organization would the public health nurse identify as expanding public health nursing to rural areas? Marine hospitals Cadet Nurse Corps Henry Sreet Settlement Town and Country Nursing Service
Town and Country Nursing Service
Which type of care is the faith community nurse providing when visiting a patient after discharge from the hospital? Parish nursing Health ministry Transitional care illness prevention
Transitional care
Which protocol is mandated by The Joint Commission (TJC) to be in place by hospitals? Management of impaired drivers Disposition of collected evidence Treatment of sexual assault victims Employment of sexual assault nurse examiners (SANEs)
Treatment of sexual assault victims
which group is overrepresented among the homeless? Veterans Mentally ill Substance abusers Children and youth
Veterans
The nurse is working in a clinic that serves a large population of migrant workers who are from Mexico. During the nurse's encounters with each patient, the nurse makes which consideration? The nurse only touches the patient when it is absolutely necessary to do so. The nurse keeps a very serious demeanor focused on providing health care to the patient. When the visit begins, the nurse gets right to the point without spending too much time on casual chatting. When the patient nods in agreement, the nurse confirms that the patient understands what has been said.
When the patient nods in agreement, the nurse confirms that the patient understands what has been said.
Which would the nurse include to meet the spiritual needs of a congregation? Yoga Prayer Exercise Meditation Healing touch
Yoga Prayer Meditation Healing touch
Which index would the nurse recommend to an international group working across multiple regions and searching for a poverty index that looks at poverty across several domains (education, health) and can be used to compare poverty across regions? Federal poverty level supplemental poverty measure multidimensional poverty index US census bureau's poverty threshold
multidimensional poverty index
