Ch. 4 - Infancy

Cole hears his mother's voice and turns his head toward the sound demonstrating his ability to localize sounds. This tells you that Cole is at least ______ moths of age.

6

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the trend towards overweight infants? A) Babies are eating too much junk food and not enough fruits and vegetables. B) Infants from higher SES backgrounds are more likely to be overweight. C) The rate of overweight younger infants (under 6 months of age) exceeds the number of overweight older infants. D) Concern for infant weight is not a factor until the baby reaches one year of age.

A

If infants are repeatedly shown the same picture over and over, they will stop paying attention to it. This is called: A) habituation B) dishabituation C) sensory disengagement D) overexposure

A) habituation

Infants should consume _________ an adult's requirement of calories per pound. A) more than twice B) more than triple C) less than twice D) less than half

A) more than twice

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) usually happens during: A) the night B) the day C) middle childhood D) the second half of the first year of life

A) the night

According to research, breast feeding benefits children in which of the following ways? (Select all that apply). A) Breast-fed infants are less likely to become overweight. B) Breast-fed infants are less likely to develop allergies and catch colds. C) Breast-fed infants have fewer respiratory tract infections. D) Breast-fed infants have fewer gastrointestinal infections.

A, C, & D

Which of the following are essential features of motor activities during the second year of life? (Select all that apply) A) Extensive environmental exploration B) More restrictions and monitoring C) Independence D) Self-Initiated interaction with others

A, C, & D

Which of the following commonly held beliefs regarding the benefits of breast feeding for the mother was not verified in a recent scale research review? A) Women who breast feed have a lower incidence of breast cancer. B) Women who breast feed have an easier time returning back to prepregnancy weight. C) Women who breast feed have a lower incidence of ovarian cancer. D) Women who breast feed have a small reduction in rates of type 2 diabetes.

B

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding newborn sleep? A) The typical newborn sleeps 18 hours per day. B) Newborns must sleep 18 hours a day to maintain optimum health in the first few months of life. C) Infants vary in their preferred times for sleeping and their patterns of sleep. D) Sleep totals for newborns are very variable and can range from 10 to 21 hours per day.

B

Which of the following are purposes of the sucking reflex? A) The sucking reflex allows for better digestion of milk/formula. B) The sucking serves as a self-soothing or self-regulating mechanism. C) The sucking reflex enables newborns to get nourishment before they associate a nipple with food. D) The sucking reflex has no current purpose but was adaptive in the evolution of the human species.

B & C

What are the purposes of reflexes? A) They are movements that have an evolutionary purpose but are not necessary in the present day. B) They allow infants to respond adaptively to their environment. C) To help infants learn about their surroundings. D) They are survival mechanisms, which are genetically carried.

B & D

Which of the following activities is NOT a gross motor skill? A) Jumping rope B) Tying shoes C) Swimming D) Walking

B) Tying shoes

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is less common in babies who: A) sleep on their stomachs B) are breastfed C) share a bed with their parents D) are low birth weight

B) are breastfed

Skills that involve finely tuned movements that require finger dexterity are called: A) large motor skills B) fine motor skills C) gross motor skills D) adaptive motor skills

B) fine motor skills

When sensory stimulation is changing (for instance, seeing the same object at different distances), but perception of the physical world remains the same, an infant is experiencing: A) sensory engagement B) perceptual constancy C) perceptual awareness D) sensory perception

B) perceptual constancy

The neuroconstructivist view states that which of the following factors influence brain development? (Select all that apply). A) Only cognitive development B) Plasticity and context C) Biological processes and environmental conditions D) Only context E) Only biological processes F) Cognitive development

B, C, & F

Marasmus results in the infant doing which of the following? (Select all that apply). A) Becoming bloated B) Having its hair become thin, brittle, and colorless C) Becoming grossly underweight D) Experiencing muscle atrophy E) Having its vital organs damaged

C & D

Which of these is the earliest age at which infants are possibly capable of discriminating some colors? A) Birth - 2 weeks of age B) 9-12 weeks of age C) 4-8 weeks of age D) 14-16 weeks of age

C) 4-8 weeks of age

Which of the following is responsible for regulating balance and equilibrium? A) Muscle development in the arms and legs B) Practice C) The vestibular organs in the inner ear D) The connection between vision and hearing

C) The vestibular organs in the inner ear

Which of the following is NOT a common way that a researcher identifies whether or not an infant is experiencing habituation and dishabituation? A) sucking behavior B) heart and respiration rates C) brain wave activity D) length of time an infant looks at an object

C) brain wave activity

Besides balancing weight on one leg, infants must also be able to _________ in order to walk upright. A) balance on the ball of the foot B) balance on the heel of the foot C) shift the weight form on leg to the other D) curl the toes

C) shift the weight from one leg to the other

Which of the following concepts describes the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex? A) Lobe distinction B) Differentiation C) Alternation D) Lateralization

D) Lateralization

Alexander is an infant who is beginning to eat solid foods. When his mother puts some Cheerios on his high-chair tray, he uses his whole fist to grasp the Cheerios. In time, he will be able to use his thumb and forefinger to pick them up. What growth pattern does this describe? A) Differentiated B) Cephalocaudal C) Reflexive D) Proximodistal

D) Proximodistal

True or false: Perception occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors.

False

True or false: Research techniques used to assess visual perception are more accurate than research techniques used to assess auditory perception.

False

________ is the process by which nerve cells are coated with insulation that enhances the speed and efficiency of the information traveling through the nervous system.

Myelination

_________ is the term used to describe the process by which unused neural connections are replaced by other pathways or disappear.

Pruning

________ are built in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn's movements in an involuntary and automatic way.

Reflexes

Shaken baby syndrome causes _______ swelling and hemorrhaging.

brain

The physical growth pattern in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top of the body (head) and proceeds from top to bottom is called the ______ growth pattern.

cephalocaudal

Generally, the axon carries signals away from the cell body, and the _________ carry signals toward the cell body.

dendrites

The four lobes of the brain are the occipital, parietal, temporal, and ____________.

frontal

The integration of information from two or more sensory modalities is called _______ perception.

intermodal

When infants grip with the whole hand, it is known as the ________ grasp.

palmer

When baby Julie grasps small objects with her thumb and forefinger, she is using the ________ grip.

pincer

The ___________ growth pattern involves the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.

proximodistal

The _______ reflex occurs when the infant's cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touches and the infant then turns its head toward the side that was touched.

rooting

The term ___________ refers to when information interacts with sensory receptors.

sensation