Ch. 4 LS - MGT 363
Arrange the stages involved in the learning cycle in ascending order.
1. Trainee encounters a concrete experience (work problem) 2. thinking (reflective observation) about the problem 3. leads to a generation of ideas of how to solve the problem (abstract conceptualization) 4. Implement the ideas directly to the problem (active experimentation)
The theory of adult learning is known as _____.
Andragogy
The purpose and expected outcome of training activities is known as the _____.
Objective
The mental or physical rehearsal of a task, knowledge, or skill to achieve proficiency in performing the task or skill or demonstrating the knowledge is called _____.
Practice
It emphasizes memorization
Rehearsal
Conditions in which trainees practice a task without resting are known as _____ conditions.
Massed practice
It expects trainees to associate their knowledge, skills or behaviors with the training material
Elaboration
It is the belief that a better behavior will lead to a better performance.
Expectancies
The mental state that a learner brings to the instructional process.
Expectancy
Which of the following forms of instructional interactions includes reading content in books or on the Internet, performing activities that involve tool or object manipulation, and developing content on the basis of learned information?
Learner-content interaction
A relatively lasting change in human capabilities that are independent of growth processes
Learning
Motivates individuals to improve their ability or competence in a task
Learning orientation
Arrange the components involved in information processing in ascending order.
1. A stimulus or message is received from the environment 2. The message is registered in the senses 3. The message is stored in short-term memory 4. The message is coded for storage in long-term memory 5. The learner's response is organized by the response generator that tells the effectors what to do 6. Feedback is received from the environment
It focuses on finding similarities and themes in the training content
Organizing
Determine the processes of learning
Cognitive strategies
Learners must not forget the observed skills or behaviors
Retention
The process of identifying learned material in long-term memory and using it to influence performance.
Retrieval
The learner's involvement with the training material and checking their progress toward learning
Self-regulation
Which of the following theories suggests that transfer of training is easy when the training environment and the job environment are similar?
Theory of Identical Elements
Medidoc Co., a pharmaceutical company, intends to incorporate the adult learning theory in their training program for their sales representatives. The training program developed would _____.
provide the trainees case studies of previously successful products to review
Groups of employees who work together, learn from each other, and develop a common understanding of how to get work done are known as _____ _____ _____.
Communities of Practice (COPs)
_____ _____ training is the process of providing trainees opportunities to commit errors during the training.
Error management
Identify the learning process that includes willingness to attend a training and an ability to interpret the purpose and likely benefits of the instruction on the job.
Expectancy
Trainees' ability to apply general principles learned in training to the work situation even thought the work situation is not identical to that of the training session is known as _____ _____.
Far Transfer
Which of the following provides information about how well trainees are fulfilling the objectives of the training?
Feedback
The ability to apply learning in similar but not identical situations.
Generalizing
_____ _____ refers to the broad objectives held by a trainee in a learning situation.
Goal orientation
According to goal setting theory, identify an accurate statement about goals.
Goals affect individuals' behavior and motivate them to develop strategies for the attainment of goals.
The feedback that a learner receives as a result of using learning content.
Gratifying
Which of the following theories is relevant to ensure the occurrence of near transfer of training?
Identical elements theory
The process of coordinating activities before, during, and after a training program is known as _____.
Training administration
In a training environment, employees are most likely to learn when the _____ _____, the physical, intellectual, and emotional environment in which training occurs, is similar to the work environment.
Training context
An effective and continuous application of knowledge gained in a training by trainees to their jobs
Transfer of Training
The learning environment processes that facilitate learning are known as _____.
External Conditions
Which of the following activities are involved in training administrations?
1. Communicating courses and programs to employees 2. Enrolling employees in courses and programs 3. Preparing and processing any pretraining materials, such as readings or test 4. Preparing materials that will be used in instruction (i.e. copies of overhead, cases) 5. Arranging the training facility and room 6. Testing equipment that will be used in instruction 7. Making communications between trainer and trains easy during and after training
Identify the needs emphasized by David McClelland's need theory.
Achievement, Affiliation, Power
Learners must focus on the skills or behaviors they should observe
Attention
Include beliefs and feelings that cause an individual to behave in a particular manner
Attitudes
In the context of reinforcement theory of motivation, the process of removing positive or negative reinforcers to do away with a behavior is known as _____.
Extinction
T/F: It is advisable to incorporate either whole or part practice in a training session.
False
T/F: Managers should avoid using learning benefits to reinforce employee behavior.
False
Social learning theory holds that _____.
Individuals learn by observing the behavior of their role models
Identify the learning theory that is the basis for the cognitive theory of transfer.
Information processing theory
_____ refers to the manipulation of the environment by a trainer to facilitate learning among trainees.
Instruction
It is the faith that a particular behavior will lead to a particular outcome.
Instrumentality
Include concepts and rules that are used to solve problems, create products, and serve customers.
Intellectual skills
Individual control over one's thought process
Metacognition
Learners tend to adopt a modeled behavior with positive outcomes.
Motivational processes
Learners must have the capability of performing the observed behaviors
Motor Reproduction
Include coordination of physical movements
Motor skills
Identify the situations when transfer of training is more likely to be easy.
When tasks included in a training are similar to the work environment
The process that allows material to be coded for memory through rehearsal and repetition of information.
Working Storage
Arrange the steps involved in the process of self-management in the order they should be followed.
1. Ascertaining the degree of positive and negative reactions for implementing the newly learned capabilities 2. Determining goals and implementing newly acquired capabilities 3. Implementing newly acquired capabilities on the job 4. Observing the application of acquired capabilities to the job 5. Pursuing self-reinforcement
_____ is a technique that helps reduce memory demands by making performance of a task, recall of knowledge, or demonstration of a skill so automatic that it requires little thought or attention.
Automatization
_____ occur when employees continue applying previously learned, less effective capabilities rather than using the newly acquired capabilities in a training program.
Lapse
The ability of trainees to apply learned capabilities exactly to the work environment is known as _____.
Near Transfer
_____ is the practice in which a task or objective is carried out individually within a training program.
Part Practice
The ability to organize the message from the environment so that it can be processed and acted upon.
Perception
Motivates individuals to concentrate on the execution of a task
Performance orientation
It is the significance of a particular outcome for an individual.
Valence