Ch. 4 LS - MGT 363

Arrange the stages involved in the learning cycle in ascending order.

1. Trainee encounters a concrete experience (work problem) 2. thinking (reflective observation) about the problem 3. leads to a generation of ideas of how to solve the problem (abstract conceptualization) 4. Implement the ideas directly to the problem (active experimentation)

The theory of adult learning is known as _____.

Andragogy

The purpose and expected outcome of training activities is known as the _____.

Objective

The mental or physical rehearsal of a task, knowledge, or skill to achieve proficiency in performing the task or skill or demonstrating the knowledge is called _____.

Practice

It emphasizes memorization

Rehearsal

Conditions in which trainees practice a task without resting are known as _____ conditions.

Massed practice

It expects trainees to associate their knowledge, skills or behaviors with the training material

Elaboration

It is the belief that a better behavior will lead to a better performance.

Expectancies

The mental state that a learner brings to the instructional process.

Expectancy

Which of the following forms of instructional interactions includes reading content in books or on the Internet, performing activities that involve tool or object manipulation, and developing content on the basis of learned information?

Learner-content interaction

A relatively lasting change in human capabilities that are independent of growth processes

Learning

Motivates individuals to improve their ability or competence in a task

Learning orientation

Arrange the components involved in information processing in ascending order.

1. A stimulus or message is received from the environment 2. The message is registered in the senses 3. The message is stored in short-term memory 4. The message is coded for storage in long-term memory 5. The learner's response is organized by the response generator that tells the effectors what to do 6. Feedback is received from the environment

It focuses on finding similarities and themes in the training content

Organizing

Determine the processes of learning

Cognitive strategies

Learners must not forget the observed skills or behaviors

Retention

The process of identifying learned material in long-term memory and using it to influence performance.

Retrieval

The learner's involvement with the training material and checking their progress toward learning

Self-regulation

Which of the following theories suggests that transfer of training is easy when the training environment and the job environment are similar?

Theory of Identical Elements

Medidoc Co., a pharmaceutical company, intends to incorporate the adult learning theory in their training program for their sales representatives. The training program developed would _____.

provide the trainees case studies of previously successful products to review

Groups of employees who work together, learn from each other, and develop a common understanding of how to get work done are known as _____ _____ _____.

Communities of Practice (COPs)

_____ _____ training is the process of providing trainees opportunities to commit errors during the training.

Error management

Identify the learning process that includes willingness to attend a training and an ability to interpret the purpose and likely benefits of the instruction on the job.

Expectancy

Trainees' ability to apply general principles learned in training to the work situation even thought the work situation is not identical to that of the training session is known as _____ _____.

Far Transfer

Which of the following provides information about how well trainees are fulfilling the objectives of the training?

Feedback

The ability to apply learning in similar but not identical situations.

Generalizing

_____ _____ refers to the broad objectives held by a trainee in a learning situation.

Goal orientation

According to goal setting theory, identify an accurate statement about goals.

Goals affect individuals' behavior and motivate them to develop strategies for the attainment of goals.

The feedback that a learner receives as a result of using learning content.

Gratifying

Which of the following theories is relevant to ensure the occurrence of near transfer of training?

Identical elements theory

The process of coordinating activities before, during, and after a training program is known as _____.

Training administration

In a training environment, employees are most likely to learn when the _____ _____, the physical, intellectual, and emotional environment in which training occurs, is similar to the work environment.

Training context

An effective and continuous application of knowledge gained in a training by trainees to their jobs

Transfer of Training

The learning environment processes that facilitate learning are known as _____.

External Conditions

Which of the following activities are involved in training administrations?

1. Communicating courses and programs to employees 2. Enrolling employees in courses and programs 3. Preparing and processing any pretraining materials, such as readings or test 4. Preparing materials that will be used in instruction (i.e. copies of overhead, cases) 5. Arranging the training facility and room 6. Testing equipment that will be used in instruction 7. Making communications between trainer and trains easy during and after training

Identify the needs emphasized by David McClelland's need theory.

Achievement, Affiliation, Power

Learners must focus on the skills or behaviors they should observe

Attention

Include beliefs and feelings that cause an individual to behave in a particular manner

Attitudes

In the context of reinforcement theory of motivation, the process of removing positive or negative reinforcers to do away with a behavior is known as _____.

Extinction

T/F: It is advisable to incorporate either whole or part practice in a training session.

False

T/F: Managers should avoid using learning benefits to reinforce employee behavior.

False

Social learning theory holds that _____.

Individuals learn by observing the behavior of their role models

Identify the learning theory that is the basis for the cognitive theory of transfer.

Information processing theory

_____ refers to the manipulation of the environment by a trainer to facilitate learning among trainees.

Instruction

It is the faith that a particular behavior will lead to a particular outcome.

Instrumentality

Include concepts and rules that are used to solve problems, create products, and serve customers.

Intellectual skills

Individual control over one's thought process

Metacognition

Learners tend to adopt a modeled behavior with positive outcomes.

Motivational processes

Learners must have the capability of performing the observed behaviors

Motor Reproduction

Include coordination of physical movements

Motor skills

Identify the situations when transfer of training is more likely to be easy.

When tasks included in a training are similar to the work environment

The process that allows material to be coded for memory through rehearsal and repetition of information.

Working Storage

Arrange the steps involved in the process of self-management in the order they should be followed.

1. Ascertaining the degree of positive and negative reactions for implementing the newly learned capabilities 2. Determining goals and implementing newly acquired capabilities 3. Implementing newly acquired capabilities on the job 4. Observing the application of acquired capabilities to the job 5. Pursuing self-reinforcement

_____ is a technique that helps reduce memory demands by making performance of a task, recall of knowledge, or demonstration of a skill so automatic that it requires little thought or attention.

Automatization

_____ occur when employees continue applying previously learned, less effective capabilities rather than using the newly acquired capabilities in a training program.

Lapse

The ability of trainees to apply learned capabilities exactly to the work environment is known as _____.

Near Transfer

_____ is the practice in which a task or objective is carried out individually within a training program.

Part Practice

The ability to organize the message from the environment so that it can be processed and acted upon.

Perception

Motivates individuals to concentrate on the execution of a task

Performance orientation

It is the significance of a particular outcome for an individual.

Valence