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As a theorist, Emile Durkheim was most interest in the question:____________________. a. ​What meanings do various symbols have for different groups of people? b. ​Who benefits from the structure of society? c. ​What is the experience of women and others with lower status in society? d. ​What holds societies together?

​What holds societies together?

We act on reality as we see it. Sociologists describe this process as the __________, meaning that we analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly. a. ​interactionist dialogue b. ​definition of the situation c. ​self-fulfilling prophecy d. ​reality impression

​definition of the situation

The perspective developed by Erving Goffman that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation is called __________. a. ​dramaturgical analysis b. ​impression management c. ​presentational analysis d. ​ethnomethodology

​ethnomethodology

At the __________, the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions, groups, statuses, roles, and norms. a. ​metalevel b. ​macrolevel c. ​microlevel d. ​mesolevel

​macrolevel

Durkheim used the term __________ to refer to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. a. ​collective solidarity b. ​specialized solidarity c. ​organic solidarity d. ​mechanical solidarity

​mechanical solidarity

​Durkheim used the term __________ to refer to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. a. ​collective solidarity b. ​specialized solidarity c. ​organic solidarity d. ​mechanical solidarity

​mechanical solidarity

Marital inequality, conflict over parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support may contribute to __________ for both men and women. a. ​status inconsistency b. ​status frustration c. ​role strain

​role strain

A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs. a. ​social institution b. ​group c. ​working group d. ​social organization

​social institution

Amber is a first grade teacher, a daughter, a wife, a mother, a Presbyterian, a soccer coach, and a Kansas resident. Taken together, all of these socially defined positions constitute her __________. a. ​status set b. ​status grouping c. ​status diagram d. ​status category

​status set

Which of these is not generally considered a component of the social structure?

-values and beliefs

It is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends. Should it end at age 18 or 21? When a person is no longer in school? This is an example of __________.

Role ambiguity

A former business manager is between jobs and takes a job at a local retail store in order to make ends meet. In that position, she frequently talks about her previous work and her plans for the future. She doesn't want people to view her as a "clerk." Her behavior is an example of __________.

Role distancing

From the __________ perspective, social institutions are not organized for the common good of everyone

conflict

From the __________ perspective, social institutions are not organized for the common good of everyone. a. ​functionalist b. ​postmodern c. ​symbolic interactionist d. ​conflict

conflict

We act on reality as we see it. Sociologists describe this process as the __________, meaning that we analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly. a. ​interactionist dialogue b. ​definition of the situation c. ​self-fulfilling prophecy d. ​reality impression

definition of the situation

__________ emphasize the role of social institutions in accomplishing essential tasks for society. a. ​Functionalists b. ​Conflict theorists c. ​Symbolic interactionists d. ​Postmodernists

functionalists

At the __________, the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions, groups, statuses, roles, and norms. a. ​metalevel b. ​macrolevel c. ​microlevel d. ​mesolevel

macrolevel

​The concept of __________ refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

organic solidarity

​__________ refers to the conscious fostering of the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role. It is clear one merely goes through the motions of role performance. a. ​Role distancing b. ​Role strain c. ​Role conflict d. ​Role ambiguity

role distancing

Carlos is a freshman at the local college. As a student, he is feeling pressure. He wants to party like the rest of his fraternity brothers, but at the same time, he wants to maintain his 4.0 grade point average. Sociologists would say that Carlos is experiencing _________.

role strain

Marital inequality, conflict over parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support may contribute to __________ for both men and women. a. ​status inconsistency b. ​status frustration c. ​role strain d. ​role conflict

role strain

Sociologists define a(n) __________ as a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.

secondary group

A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs. a. ​social institution b. ​group c. ​working group d. ​social organization

social institution

Amber is a first grade teacher, a daughter, a wife, a mother, a Presbyterian, a soccer coach, and a Kansas resident. Taken together, all of these socially defined positions constitute her __________. a. ​status set b. ​status grouping c. ​status diagram d. ​status category

status set

​ Teacher, student, professional athlete, rock musician, and homeless person are all examples of __________. a. ​statuses b. ​labels c. ​classes d. ​roles

statuses

Which of these is not generally considered a component of the social structure?

values and beliefs

__________ occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear. a. ​Role ambiguity b. ​Role alienation c. ​Role expectation d. ​Role relationality

​Role ambiguity

​ __________ refers to the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure, such as that of immigrants who simultaneously share the life and traditions of two distinct groups. a. ​Stigmatization b. ​Alienation c. ​Anomie d. ​Social marginality

​Social marginality

​__________, or cohesion, refers to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles. It exists when social bonds, attractions, or other forces hold members of a group in interaction over a period of time. a. ​Social networking b. ​Cultural diffusion c. ​Cultural bonding d. ​Social solidarity

​Social solidarity


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