ch 4 so
As a theorist, Emile Durkheim was most interest in the question:____________________. a. What meanings do various symbols have for different groups of people? b. Who benefits from the structure of society? c. What is the experience of women and others with lower status in society? d. What holds societies together?
What holds societies together?
We act on reality as we see it. Sociologists describe this process as the __________, meaning that we analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly. a. interactionist dialogue b. definition of the situation c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. reality impression
definition of the situation
The perspective developed by Erving Goffman that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation is called __________. a. dramaturgical analysis b. impression management c. presentational analysis d. ethnomethodology
ethnomethodology
At the __________, the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions, groups, statuses, roles, and norms. a. metalevel b. macrolevel c. microlevel d. mesolevel
macrolevel
Durkheim used the term __________ to refer to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. a. collective solidarity b. specialized solidarity c. organic solidarity d. mechanical solidarity
mechanical solidarity
Durkheim used the term __________ to refer to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. a. collective solidarity b. specialized solidarity c. organic solidarity d. mechanical solidarity
mechanical solidarity
Marital inequality, conflict over parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support may contribute to __________ for both men and women. a. status inconsistency b. status frustration c. role strain
role strain
A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs. a. social institution b. group c. working group d. social organization
social institution
Amber is a first grade teacher, a daughter, a wife, a mother, a Presbyterian, a soccer coach, and a Kansas resident. Taken together, all of these socially defined positions constitute her __________. a. status set b. status grouping c. status diagram d. status category
status set
Which of these is not generally considered a component of the social structure?
-values and beliefs
It is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends. Should it end at age 18 or 21? When a person is no longer in school? This is an example of __________.
Role ambiguity
A former business manager is between jobs and takes a job at a local retail store in order to make ends meet. In that position, she frequently talks about her previous work and her plans for the future. She doesn't want people to view her as a "clerk." Her behavior is an example of __________.
Role distancing
From the __________ perspective, social institutions are not organized for the common good of everyone
conflict
From the __________ perspective, social institutions are not organized for the common good of everyone. a. functionalist b. postmodern c. symbolic interactionist d. conflict
conflict
We act on reality as we see it. Sociologists describe this process as the __________, meaning that we analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best interest, and adjust our attitudes and actions accordingly. a. interactionist dialogue b. definition of the situation c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. reality impression
definition of the situation
__________ emphasize the role of social institutions in accomplishing essential tasks for society. a. Functionalists b. Conflict theorists c. Symbolic interactionists d. Postmodernists
functionalists
At the __________, the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions, groups, statuses, roles, and norms. a. metalevel b. macrolevel c. microlevel d. mesolevel
macrolevel
The concept of __________ refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.
organic solidarity
__________ refers to the conscious fostering of the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role. It is clear one merely goes through the motions of role performance. a. Role distancing b. Role strain c. Role conflict d. Role ambiguity
role distancing
Carlos is a freshman at the local college. As a student, he is feeling pressure. He wants to party like the rest of his fraternity brothers, but at the same time, he wants to maintain his 4.0 grade point average. Sociologists would say that Carlos is experiencing _________.
role strain
Marital inequality, conflict over parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support may contribute to __________ for both men and women. a. status inconsistency b. status frustration c. role strain d. role conflict
role strain
Sociologists define a(n) __________ as a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.
secondary group
A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs. a. social institution b. group c. working group d. social organization
social institution
Amber is a first grade teacher, a daughter, a wife, a mother, a Presbyterian, a soccer coach, and a Kansas resident. Taken together, all of these socially defined positions constitute her __________. a. status set b. status grouping c. status diagram d. status category
status set
Teacher, student, professional athlete, rock musician, and homeless person are all examples of __________. a. statuses b. labels c. classes d. roles
statuses
Which of these is not generally considered a component of the social structure?
values and beliefs
__________ occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear. a. Role ambiguity b. Role alienation c. Role expectation d. Role relationality
Role ambiguity
__________ refers to the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure, such as that of immigrants who simultaneously share the life and traditions of two distinct groups. a. Stigmatization b. Alienation c. Anomie d. Social marginality
Social marginality
__________, or cohesion, refers to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles. It exists when social bonds, attractions, or other forces hold members of a group in interaction over a period of time. a. Social networking b. Cultural diffusion c. Cultural bonding d. Social solidarity
Social solidarity