CH 4: The unfinished Nation

Which of the following were provisions of the Coercive Acts?

- reducing the powers of the Massachusetts colonial government - closing the port of Boston -requiring colonists to board troops

in 1763, England found itself desperately in need of revenues because of which of the following?

- they need to administer new territory in North America - the cost of many years of fighting

Why was the Proclamation of 1763 ineffective?

-British authorities failed to enforce it. -White settlers refused to honor it.

Under the provisions of the Tea Act of 1773,

Britain's East India Company could directly export its product to the colonies without paying the same taxes as colonial merchants.

Although they remained largely passive during the French and Indian War, the Iroquois were formally allied with the .

British

The American theater of the Seven Years' War was a conflict among the

British, French, and Iroquois

What was the most important effect of the Mutiny Act, the Sugar Act, and the Currency Act on the colonists?

Colonists viewed them as an attack on colonial political power

How did George III contribute to conflict between England and the colonies?

- He was determined to reassert the authority of the monarchy -He suffered from bouts of insanity -He ppointed unstable coalitions of ministers

Although the colonies in 1754 were reluctant to cooperate, they had successfully worked with one another with regard to matters such as

- Intercolonial trade - Road construction - A colonial postal service

Which of the following statements about the Sugar Act of 1764 are correct?

- It established new courts to try accused smugglers - It strengthened the duty on sugar while lowering it on molasses.

The First Continental Congress did which of the following?

- Recommended preparations be made for defense against British attack - Endorsed a list of grievances

People of European ancestry born in the Americas are known as

Creoles

The day-to-day administration of colonial affairs by England's government in the 1700s tended to be

Decentralized

The French and Indian War began when George Washington attacked a detachment near Fort ______ in what is now ______.

Dusquesne; Pittsburgh

Which of the following statements about colonial assemblies is accurate?

Each viewed itself like a little parliament within its colony

In 1774 and 1775, who debated different proposals in its efforts to please the American colonies?

English Parliament

True or false: Provincial governors were the most powerful figures in the colonies.

False

Why did English politicians exert little control over the North American colonies prior to 1763?

For fear it would disrupt commerce The ineptitude of provincial governors

In the aftermath of King George's War, the Iroquois Confederacy ______ the British.

Granted trading concessions to

The House of Burgesses rejected the most extreme proposals introduced by Patrick _______ , a passionate critic of British policies.

Henry

The ______ Confederacy of five nations represented the most powerful native presence in the Ohio Valley.

Iroquois

What impact did King George's War have on the geopolitical situation in North America?

It disintegrated the balance of power among the Iroquois, French, and English.

Which of the following statements about the Iroquois Confederacy is accurate?

It was a powerful defensive alliance that claimed rights to the Ohio Valley.

Which of the following statements about the Boston Massacre is accurate?

It was used by resistance leaders to foment public outrage

In general, which two of the following groups interacted comfortably and peaceably with Native Americans?

Jesuit missionaries French fur traders

British actions both during and after the French and Indian War

Led to colonial discontent and eventually revolution

By what means did the French try to control their empire in North America?

Mississippi plantations trading posts Fortresses Feudal estates

Which of the following statements about native alliances during the French and Indian War are accurate?

Most natives saw their alliances as a means for expelling one power or another from their lands Most tribes sided with the French The Iroquois remained largely passive throughout the conflict

Which of the following statements about the distribution of power in eighteenth-century England is accurate?

The unwritten constitution called for the distribution of power among the monarchy, the aristocracy, and the people.

True or false: British victory in the Seven Years' War confirmed its commercial supremacy and cemented its control over portions of North America.

True

True or false: Due to a lack of universal suffrage, the colonial assemblies, like the British Parliament, also practiced a form of virtual representation.

True

True or false: The British need for revenue resulted in new policies that had a disastrous effect on its relationship with the American colonies.

True

True or false: The slogan "No taxation without representation" is more a rejection of British practices of governance than British principles of governance.

True

Suspicions about democracy and the masses in both Britain and the colonies were most reflected in

Voting requirements

Why was it necessary for the British to issue the Proclamation of 1763?

White settlers has begund moving into tribal lands

hy was the Proclamation of 1763 ineffective?

White settlers refused to honor it british authorities failed to enforce it

Who was Ethan Allen?

a land speculator that took up the cause of the Green Mountain farmers

In the face of massive financial problems after the Seven Years' War, many British leaders came to believe their only hope was

a system of taxation administered by London

In response to Charles Townshend's attempt to tax and control the flow of goods, Boston merchants helped organize a(n) ________ of all goods subject to the tax.

boycott

During the second phase of the French and Indian War, William Pitt began to transform the war effort in America by

bringing it fully under British control

William's Pitt's policies of impressment and forced quartering of troops

caused tension between the colonists and Brithish authorities

Parliament responded to the Boston Tea Party by passing the ______ Acts, which Americans referred to as the ______ Acts.

coercive; intolerable

The Mutiny Act of 1765 required:

colonists to help provision and maintain the British army stationed in America.

To many Americans, the return of authority to the colonial assemblies after the French and Indian War

confirmed the illegitimacy of British interference in local affairs

After the Iroquois granted trading alliances to the British, the French responded by

constructing new fortresses in the Ohio Valley

The First Continental Congress wanted to stop all trade with Great Britain by

creating a series of boycottss

The British wanted to avoid warfare on the frontier, for fear it would

disrupt trade

On the night of December 16, 1773, 150 Boston men disguised as Native Americans

dumped the cargo of several ships into the harbor

The midnight rides of Paul Revere and William Dawes were significant because they

gave Americans at Lexington and Concord warning of the British forces approach

After the Boston Massacre, many American leaders and politicians stated that the English soldiers involved

had planned the assault on American citizens

The Paxton Boys massacred Indians and protested against

high taxes

The enormous debt incurred in the French and Indian War prompted many British to call for

imperial reorganization of the colonies

Which inflammatory measures did Charles Townshend steer through Parliament in 1767?

imposing new taxes on imports disbanding the New York Assembly

During the second phase of the French and Indian War, the British forced colonists to join the military, a practice known as

impressment

What effect did the French and Indian War have on the American colonies?

it forced them to cooperate for the first time

Which of the following statements about the American reaction to the Tea Act is accurate?

it linked the colonies together in common experience of mass popular protest

As a result of the French and Indian War, the Iroquois Confederacy

lost its military and political bargaining power

Lord North assumed that Americans would support the Tea Act because it

lowered the price of tea

Unlike William Pitt, George Grenville maintained that the colonies

needed to help pay for their own defense and administration

How did the colonial assemblies of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century compare to the House of Commons in the British Parliament?

neither were particularly democratic

Americans who wanted colonial assemblies to legislate for colonial affairs were arguing for a form of

political sovereignty

George Grenville took what office in 1763?

prime minister

In 1772, Samuel Adams proposed the creation of a committee of correspondence to

publicize grievances against England

The events at Lexington and Concord

rallied thousand of colonists to the rebel cause

The period between the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party is best characterized as a time of

relative calm

Which of the following was not one of the concessions William Pitt made in the third phase of the war?

reparation for loss of life of property as a result of the fighting

Most colonial political grievances with Britain were centered around concerns about

representation and sovereignty

Which of the following acts by colonists during the French and Indian War incited resentment among the British?

selling goods to the French contributions to the war making few financial contributions to the war.

The Boston Massacre occurred when Captain Thomas Preston

stationed troopes to protect a building

What did George Washington do in the summer of 1754 at Fort Necessity?

surrender to the French

At the end of the French and Indian War, the French

surrendered all title to the North American mainland

After Charles Townshend died, Lord North secured the repeal of all the Townshend Duties EXCEPT the tax on

tea

Increased British authority over the colonies after the war was directly related to

the British need to pay for the cost of the war

Internal rebellions in New York and New England in the 1760s had their roots in

the class system

Which of the following statements about the colonial reaction to the Coercive Acts is accurate?

they sparked new resistance up and down the coast of the colonies

In response to the Coercive Acts, women's groups mobilized to

to extend boycotts of British goods

Which of the following best describes a community's right under actual representation?

to freely elect representatives responsible to the community

The Grenville program succeeded in

uniting colonist in opposition to the British goverment

The British adhered to ______ representation, whereby everyone had a voice in Parliament, even if they had no elected representatives.

virtual

The Stamp Act of 1765 angered colonists more than other British acts because it

was an attempt to raise money rather than regulate commerce

In 1763, England was able to turn its attention to its American colonies because it

was experiencing peace for the first time in decades

In 1773, the British East India Company

was sitting on large stocks of tea that it could not sell in England Was on the verge of bankruptcy

By the 1750s and 1760s, the English government viewed taxation as a

way to relieve the country's debts

The attempt by British to create western boundary lines

were ignored by the colonists

Both the French and the English knew that the struggle to control North America would be determined in large part by

winning the allegiance of the native peoples

Grenville's program succeeded in antagonizing:

-northern merchants with increased taxes and restraints on commerce. -southern planters by raising taxes and preventing land speculation. -settlers who resented the closing of the West to land speculation and fur trading.

Which of the following best characterizes the first phase of the French and Indian War?

A local North American conflict between England and France that swept up native groups throughout the west.

The first real proposal for a general government to rule all colonies was the _______ Plan.

Albany

Although colonists in other colonial cities protested the Tea Act, the protest in ______ garnered the most attention.

Boston

The events of March 5, 1770, when a group of British soldiers opened fire on a crowd, are known as the ________ ________

Boston Massacre

In the celebration over the repeal of the Stamp Act, most Americans paid little attention to what significant action of the British Parliament?

Passage of the Declatory Act

The leading figure in stirring outrage over the Boston Massacre was

Samuel adams

In the summer of 1765, members of which newly organized group terrorized agents attempting to enforce the Stamp Act?

Sons of Liberty

The ________ Act imposed a tax on printed documents.

Stampt

To dispute English taxes in the Americas, James Otis persuaded his colleagues in the Massachusetts assembly to meet with other colonial delegates. This multicolony group met in 1765 and became known as ___________ ________the Congress.

Stampt Act

The spirit of resistance that grew more quickly in Massachusetts than elsewhere can be attributed to its elaborately developed

Tavern culture

In Massachusetts, ______ became increasingly important centers of resistance in the 1760s and 1770s.

Taverns

The first phase of the French and Indian War began when

The French attacked Fort Necessity

The French and Indian War was part of a larger struggle between England and France called

The Seven Year's War.