ch 41 intro to anatomy and physiology

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what are the 3 types of active transport

Ion pumps, phagocytosis, pinocytosis

what is the function of the respiratory system

area of gas exchange in the lungs called alveoli, exchange of waste gas, filtration, regulation of acid-base balance

what is the location and function of areolar (fibrous) tissue

between other tissue and organs connection

what is the function of skeletal system

blood cell formation, movement, storage of minerals, support

what is the location and function of blood

blood vessels transportation

What does the cranial cavity contain?

brain

what is the function and location of nervous tissue

brain, spinal cord, nerves irritability, conduction

what are quarks

building blocks of protons and neutrons that create atoms

what is deep

further away from the surface ie bone deep to the muscles

what is an organ

group of different kinds of tissues arranged to perform a common function

what are the 5 unique characteristics of all cells

growth, metabolism, responsiveness, reproduction, anf homeostasis

what is the function of cilia

hairlike extensions on surfaces of some cells capable of movement, have specialized function

the thoracic cavity contains what

heart and lungs

What is phagocytosis?

process that permits a cell to engulf any foreign material and to digest it -wbc in humans do this

what are the four stages of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

what are the 3 functions of epithelial tissue

protection, absorption, secretion

what is the function of integumentary system

protects, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information

what performs various functions on plasma membranes

proteins and carbs on the outer surface of plasma membrane

What do quarks make up?

protons and neutrons

What do atoms contain?

protons, neutrons, electrons

what is the function of nucleus

responsible for cell reproduction and control of other organelles

what are the nine abdominal regions

right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical lumbar region, left lumbar region, right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

what are the four types of epithelial tissue

simple squamous, stratified squamous, simple columnar, stratified transitional

what is the function of flagella

single projections of cell surfaces used for movement

what are the three types of muscle cells

skeletal (striated, voluntary), cardiac (striated involuntary), visceral (smooth, involuntary)

what is the location and function of bone

skeleton support; protection

What is in the left hypochondriac region?

small portion of stomach and large intestine

what is posterior

towards the back of the body

what is caudal

towards the distal end of body or towards the feet

What is anterior

towards the front of the body

what is cranial

towards the head

what is lateral

towards the side

what is the function of neurons

transmits impulses or messages

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

transport Na out and K into cell

what makes up a molecule

two or more different atoms

what is the function of endoplasmic ER (smooth and rough)

Rough ER: synthesize proteins by using ribosomes smooth ER: synthesizes lipids, and certain carbs

what is the location and function of dense fibrous

tendons, ligaments flexible but strong connection

what is the function of lysosome

contain enzymes that digest food compounds and microbes that have invaded cells

what is the right and left pleural cavities

contain the lungs, subdivision of thoracic cavity

what is the function of endocrine system

control, secretions, hormone regulation

what body cavities are contained within the dorsal cavity

cranial and spinal

what are the parts of a neuron

dendrites-carry impulses toward cell body cell body axon- carries impulse away from cell body

what are the 3 types of passive transport processes

diffusion, osmosis, filtration

what is the purpose of plasma membrane

encloses cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of cell

what does DNA do

encode message for protein synthesis as RNA and sends the RNA to ribosome

What is physiology?

explains process and functions of the various structures and how they interrelate

What is pinocytosis?

extracellular fluid is taken into the cell, cell membrane develops a saclike indentation filled with extracellular fluid and then it closes around it and digest it

what is distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment

what are some of the most important forms of connective tissue

fibrous connective tissue, adipose tissue, bone, cartilage, blood and hematopoietic tissue

what is diffusion

movement of particles from high to low concentration

what is the ion pump

movement of solute from low to high concentration by means of a carrier protein

what is filtration

movement of water and small solute particles through filtration membrane, movement is from high to low pressure

what is the function and location of skeletal muscle

muscle that is attached to bones, eyeball muscles, upper third of esophagus maintenance of posture, movement of bones, eye movements, first part of swallowing

what must happen in order for cell to survive

must receive food, oxygen and secrete its own waste

what is superficial

nearer the surface ie skin superficial to muscle

what are the two types of neuron cells

neurons and glial cells

what happens in metaphase

nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, chromosomes are aligned across ends of cell, spindle fibers are attached to each chromatid

What does the nucleus contain?

nucleoplasm, nucleolus

what is osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in presence of at least one impermeable solute

what happens in telophase

2 nuclei appear and chromosome disperse, at end of the phase two new daughter cells appear

Describe the midsagittal plane

A vertical plane exactly in the midline dividing the body into right and left parts

what is proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

describe coronal or frontal plane

It divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

what is medial

Toward the midline of the body

what Is superior

above

what is in the left lumbar region

additional loops of small intestine and part of the colon

what is the function of centrioles

aid in formation of the spindle during mitosis

what is the location and function of simple squamous

alveoli of lungs, lining of blood and lymphatic vessels absorption

what is in the right iliac region

cecum and parts of the small intestine

what is the structural levels of organization in the body are

cells, tissues, organs, systems

within the cell, what carries genes that are responsible for organism's traits

chromosome

what happens in anaphase

chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of cell and cell division begins

what happens in prophase

chromosomes form 2 chromatids. centrioles form network of spindles

what is the function of nervous system

communication, body's control center

what is the function of glial cells

connecting and supporting cells, support and nourish the neurons

what are the 4 types of tissues

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

what is the function for connective tissue

connects joints, tissues, structures, of the body, and it supports and protects them

describe transverse plane

horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts or caudal and cranial

what is the function of the cardiovascular system

immunity, regulation of body temp, transportation for nutrition, water, oxygen and waste

what is the location and function of hematopoietic

liquid matrix with dense arrangement of blood cell producing cells located in red bone marrow blood cell formation

what Is in the hypogastric region

loops of small intestine, urinary bladder and appendix

what is inferior

lower

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

lower sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs

what is the function of muscular system

maintenance of body posture, movement, production of heat

what are the two subdivisions of the thoracic cavity

mediastinum and right and left pleural cavities

what is a tissue

organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function

what is a system

organization of organs to perform complex functions for the body

what is the function of mucous membrane

part of epithelial membrane that secretes mucus to keep membrane moist and soft and protects against bacterial invasion

what is the function of serous membrane

part of epithelial membrane that secretes thin watery fluid that prevents friction when organs rub against each other

what is the location and function of cartilage

part of nasal septum, larynx, rings in trachea, bronchi disk between vertebrae, external ear firm but flexible support

what is in the epigastric region

parts of right and left liver, and large portion of stomach

what is in the right lumbar region

parts of the large and small intestine

what are the three main parts of the cell

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

what is the nucleoli

plays an essential role in the formation of ribosome

what is in the umbilical region

portion of the transverse colon and loops of the small intestine

what is in the left iliac region

portions of the colon and small intestine

what is mitosis

somatic cell division in which original cell divides to form 2 daughter cells

What does the spinal cavity contain?

spinal cord

what does the abdominal cavity contain

stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine and upper portion of large intestine

what is anatomy

study, classification and description of structures and organs of the body

what is the mediastinum

subdivision of thoracic cavity that contains trachea, heart and blood vessels it is in the mid portion

what is the location and function of simple columnar

surface layer lining of stomach, intestines, and respiratory tract protection, secretion and absorption

what is the location and function of stratified squamous

surface lining of mouth and esophagus and surface of skin protection

what is the function of golgi apparatus

synthesis of carbs, packages proteins and certain carbs, packages the product as globules of glycoprotein

what is the function of ribosomes

synthesize proteins and enzymes

What is the function of the mitochondria?

synthesizes ATP

what is in the right hypochondriac region

the right lobe of the liver and gallbladder

describe the sagittal plane

think of it as cutting in half vertically to create a right and left portion

What does the ventral cavity consist of

thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

what is the location and function of adipose tissue

under skin, padding at various points protection, insulation support, reserve food

what is the location and function of stratified transitional

urinary bladder protection

what are the two major cavities in the body

ventral and dorsal

what is the function and location of cardiac muscle

wall of heart contraction of heart

what is the function and location of smooth muscle

walls of digestive, respiratory and genitourinary tract, arrector muscle of hair follicles movement of substances in tracts and ducts, changing diameter of pupils and shape of lens, irritability

when is homeostasis achieved

when body internal environment is constant


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