ch 41 intro to anatomy and physiology
what are the 3 types of active transport
Ion pumps, phagocytosis, pinocytosis
what is the function of the respiratory system
area of gas exchange in the lungs called alveoli, exchange of waste gas, filtration, regulation of acid-base balance
what is the location and function of areolar (fibrous) tissue
between other tissue and organs connection
what is the function of skeletal system
blood cell formation, movement, storage of minerals, support
what is the location and function of blood
blood vessels transportation
What does the cranial cavity contain?
brain
what is the function and location of nervous tissue
brain, spinal cord, nerves irritability, conduction
what are quarks
building blocks of protons and neutrons that create atoms
what is deep
further away from the surface ie bone deep to the muscles
what is an organ
group of different kinds of tissues arranged to perform a common function
what are the 5 unique characteristics of all cells
growth, metabolism, responsiveness, reproduction, anf homeostasis
what is the function of cilia
hairlike extensions on surfaces of some cells capable of movement, have specialized function
the thoracic cavity contains what
heart and lungs
What is phagocytosis?
process that permits a cell to engulf any foreign material and to digest it -wbc in humans do this
what are the four stages of mitosis
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
what are the 3 functions of epithelial tissue
protection, absorption, secretion
what is the function of integumentary system
protects, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information
what performs various functions on plasma membranes
proteins and carbs on the outer surface of plasma membrane
What do quarks make up?
protons and neutrons
What do atoms contain?
protons, neutrons, electrons
what is the function of nucleus
responsible for cell reproduction and control of other organelles
what are the nine abdominal regions
right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical lumbar region, left lumbar region, right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region
what are the four types of epithelial tissue
simple squamous, stratified squamous, simple columnar, stratified transitional
what is the function of flagella
single projections of cell surfaces used for movement
what are the three types of muscle cells
skeletal (striated, voluntary), cardiac (striated involuntary), visceral (smooth, involuntary)
what is the location and function of bone
skeleton support; protection
What is in the left hypochondriac region?
small portion of stomach and large intestine
what is posterior
towards the back of the body
what is caudal
towards the distal end of body or towards the feet
What is anterior
towards the front of the body
what is cranial
towards the head
what is lateral
towards the side
what is the function of neurons
transmits impulses or messages
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
transport Na out and K into cell
what makes up a molecule
two or more different atoms
what is the function of endoplasmic ER (smooth and rough)
Rough ER: synthesize proteins by using ribosomes smooth ER: synthesizes lipids, and certain carbs
what is the location and function of dense fibrous
tendons, ligaments flexible but strong connection
what is the function of lysosome
contain enzymes that digest food compounds and microbes that have invaded cells
what is the right and left pleural cavities
contain the lungs, subdivision of thoracic cavity
what is the function of endocrine system
control, secretions, hormone regulation
what body cavities are contained within the dorsal cavity
cranial and spinal
what are the parts of a neuron
dendrites-carry impulses toward cell body cell body axon- carries impulse away from cell body
what are the 3 types of passive transport processes
diffusion, osmosis, filtration
what is the purpose of plasma membrane
encloses cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of cell
what does DNA do
encode message for protein synthesis as RNA and sends the RNA to ribosome
What is physiology?
explains process and functions of the various structures and how they interrelate
What is pinocytosis?
extracellular fluid is taken into the cell, cell membrane develops a saclike indentation filled with extracellular fluid and then it closes around it and digest it
what is distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment
what are some of the most important forms of connective tissue
fibrous connective tissue, adipose tissue, bone, cartilage, blood and hematopoietic tissue
what is diffusion
movement of particles from high to low concentration
what is the ion pump
movement of solute from low to high concentration by means of a carrier protein
what is filtration
movement of water and small solute particles through filtration membrane, movement is from high to low pressure
what is the function and location of skeletal muscle
muscle that is attached to bones, eyeball muscles, upper third of esophagus maintenance of posture, movement of bones, eye movements, first part of swallowing
what must happen in order for cell to survive
must receive food, oxygen and secrete its own waste
what is superficial
nearer the surface ie skin superficial to muscle
what are the two types of neuron cells
neurons and glial cells
what happens in metaphase
nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, chromosomes are aligned across ends of cell, spindle fibers are attached to each chromatid
What does the nucleus contain?
nucleoplasm, nucleolus
what is osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in presence of at least one impermeable solute
what happens in telophase
2 nuclei appear and chromosome disperse, at end of the phase two new daughter cells appear
Describe the midsagittal plane
A vertical plane exactly in the midline dividing the body into right and left parts
what is proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
describe coronal or frontal plane
It divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
what is medial
Toward the midline of the body
what Is superior
above
what is in the left lumbar region
additional loops of small intestine and part of the colon
what is the function of centrioles
aid in formation of the spindle during mitosis
what is the location and function of simple squamous
alveoli of lungs, lining of blood and lymphatic vessels absorption
what is in the right iliac region
cecum and parts of the small intestine
what is the structural levels of organization in the body are
cells, tissues, organs, systems
within the cell, what carries genes that are responsible for organism's traits
chromosome
what happens in anaphase
chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of cell and cell division begins
what happens in prophase
chromosomes form 2 chromatids. centrioles form network of spindles
what is the function of nervous system
communication, body's control center
what is the function of glial cells
connecting and supporting cells, support and nourish the neurons
what are the 4 types of tissues
connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
what is the function for connective tissue
connects joints, tissues, structures, of the body, and it supports and protects them
describe transverse plane
horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts or caudal and cranial
what is the function of the cardiovascular system
immunity, regulation of body temp, transportation for nutrition, water, oxygen and waste
what is the location and function of hematopoietic
liquid matrix with dense arrangement of blood cell producing cells located in red bone marrow blood cell formation
what Is in the hypogastric region
loops of small intestine, urinary bladder and appendix
what is inferior
lower
What does the pelvic cavity contain?
lower sigmoid colon, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs
what is the function of muscular system
maintenance of body posture, movement, production of heat
what are the two subdivisions of the thoracic cavity
mediastinum and right and left pleural cavities
what is a tissue
organization of many similar cells that act together to perform a common function
what is a system
organization of organs to perform complex functions for the body
what is the function of mucous membrane
part of epithelial membrane that secretes mucus to keep membrane moist and soft and protects against bacterial invasion
what is the function of serous membrane
part of epithelial membrane that secretes thin watery fluid that prevents friction when organs rub against each other
what is the location and function of cartilage
part of nasal septum, larynx, rings in trachea, bronchi disk between vertebrae, external ear firm but flexible support
what is in the epigastric region
parts of right and left liver, and large portion of stomach
what is in the right lumbar region
parts of the large and small intestine
what are the three main parts of the cell
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
what is the nucleoli
plays an essential role in the formation of ribosome
what is in the umbilical region
portion of the transverse colon and loops of the small intestine
what is in the left iliac region
portions of the colon and small intestine
what is mitosis
somatic cell division in which original cell divides to form 2 daughter cells
What does the spinal cavity contain?
spinal cord
what does the abdominal cavity contain
stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, small intestine and upper portion of large intestine
what is anatomy
study, classification and description of structures and organs of the body
what is the mediastinum
subdivision of thoracic cavity that contains trachea, heart and blood vessels it is in the mid portion
what is the location and function of simple columnar
surface layer lining of stomach, intestines, and respiratory tract protection, secretion and absorption
what is the location and function of stratified squamous
surface lining of mouth and esophagus and surface of skin protection
what is the function of golgi apparatus
synthesis of carbs, packages proteins and certain carbs, packages the product as globules of glycoprotein
what is the function of ribosomes
synthesize proteins and enzymes
What is the function of the mitochondria?
synthesizes ATP
what is in the right hypochondriac region
the right lobe of the liver and gallbladder
describe the sagittal plane
think of it as cutting in half vertically to create a right and left portion
What does the ventral cavity consist of
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
what is the location and function of adipose tissue
under skin, padding at various points protection, insulation support, reserve food
what is the location and function of stratified transitional
urinary bladder protection
what are the two major cavities in the body
ventral and dorsal
what is the function and location of cardiac muscle
wall of heart contraction of heart
what is the function and location of smooth muscle
walls of digestive, respiratory and genitourinary tract, arrector muscle of hair follicles movement of substances in tracts and ducts, changing diameter of pupils and shape of lens, irritability
when is homeostasis achieved
when body internal environment is constant