Ch 41 Pts w/ Musculoskeletal Disorders
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Entrapment neuropathy that occurs when the median nerve at the wrist is compressed by a thickened flexor tendon sheath, skeletal encroachment, edema, or a soft tissue mass. It frequently occurs in women between 30 and 60 years of age.
The nurse recognizes that goal of treatment for metastatic bone cancer is to
Promote pain relief and quality of life
What are loose bodies?
Small pieces of bone or cartilage within a joint space
In chronic osteomyelitis, antibiotics are adjunctive therapy in which situation?
Surgical debridement
Signs of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Tingling, numbness, weakness, paresthesia, positive Tinel sign, fist clenching upon awakening
What is osteoporosis?
a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. - reduced bone mass - deterioration of bone matrix - diminished bone strength
What is a sequestrum?
dead bone in an abscess cavity
What is impingement syndrome?
impaired movement of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, occurs from repetitive overhead movement of the arm or from acute trauma resulting in irritation and eventual inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons or the subacromial bursa as they grate against the coracoacromial arch
What is osteomyelitis?
infection of the bone that results in inflammation, necrosis, and formation of new bone Patients who are at high risk for osteomyelitis include older adults and those who are poorly nourished or obese.
Signs of osteomyelitis
infection of the bone; fever, redness at the site, pain, tachycardia
What is osteopenia?
low bone mineral density, precursor to osteoporosis
What are osteosarcomas?
most common & most often fatal primary malignant bone tumor
What is an osteochondroma?
most common benign bone tumor; large projection of bone at the end of long bones (at the knee or shoulder), developing during growth, becomes static bone mass
Signs of hypercalcemia are
muscular weakness, incoordination, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, constipation, ECG changes
What is Paget disease of bone (osteitis deformans)?
disorder of localized rapid bone turnover, most commonly affecting the skull, femur, tibia, pelvic bones, and vertebrae.
What is plantar fasciitis?
inflammation of the foot-supporting fascia, present as an acute onset of heal pain experienced with the first steps in the morning
Daily dose recommended for women over 50 of calcium and Vitamin D?
1,200 mg of calcium and 1,000 IU of vitamin D.
Risk factors for osteoporosis
Age Glucocorticoid intake Excessive alcohol intake metabolic disorders family history Low body weight, cigarette smoking, rheumatoid arthritis, previous fracture, and parental history of hip fracture
Which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing bone mass density (BMD)?
Calcitonin
What is a dangerous complication of bone cancer?
Hypercalcemia
signs of osteoporosis
Low back pain, become shorter over time, porous and brittle bone, Dowager's hump
What is the most prevalent bone disease in the world?
Osteoporosis
What is Hallux Valgus (bunion)?
deformity in which the great toe deviates laterally. There is a marked prominence of the medial aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
What is septic arthritis?
infection of the joint, seen as a warm, painful swollen joint with decreased range of motion
What is tendonitis?
inflammation of a tendon
What is bursitis?
inflammation of the bursae (fluid-filled sacs that prevent friction between joint structures during joint activity and are painful when inflamed)
What is Dupuytren's disease?
slowly progressive contracture (i.e., an abnormal shortening) of the palmar fascia that causes flexion of the fourth, fifth, and, sometimes, middle finger, rendering these fingers more or less useless
What is a corn?
A corn is an area of hyperkeratosis (overgrowth of a horny layer of epidermis) produced by internal pressure (the underlying bone is prominent because of a congenital or acquired abnormality, commonly arthritis) or external pressure (ill-fitting shoes).
Which of the following is the first-line medication that would be used to treat and prevent osteoporosis?
Bisphosphonates
While the nurse is performing a physical assessment, the client reports numbness, tingling, and pain when the nurse percusses lightly over the median nerve. What should this assessment indicate to the nurse?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
A nurse is caring for a client with eczema. Which medication would be prescribed when an allergy is a factor causing the skin disorder?
Antihistamines like Chlorpheniramine
A healthcare provider asks a nurse to test a client for Tinel's sign to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. What should the nurse do to perform this assessment?
Have the client hold the palm of the hand up while the nurse percusses over the median nerve.
Which term refers to a disease of a nerve root?
Radiculopathy