Ch. 5 Quiz

_____ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Classical conditioning

Martina uses Pocket Points. Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies punishment? LINK: https://www.sfgate.com/technology/businessinsider/article/These-guys-created-an-app-that-stops-college-7252969.php?cmpid=email-desktop

During class one day, Martina's professor offers extra credit to any student who can provide the correct answer to a question first. Students can use their phones to get the answer. Martina is using the Pocket Points app, so she is not able to get the extra credit.

What is your favorite comfort food? Can you think of the positive association that you originally formed with that food?

My favorite comfort food is fettuccine alfredo. I believe its my comfort food because when I was younger, my mom would get this for me when I was feeling down or sick. This may sound odd, but fettuccine alfredo was one of the few foods I could eat when I was sick.

______ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

Operant conditioning

Ned wants to condition his dog, Tony, to woof in response to the refrain of the song, "Who Let the Dogs Out?" Before the learning trials are begun, the song would be considered a(n) ______ stimulus.

conditioned

Mr. Barros rewards his telemarketers with $5 every time they make a phone call. What type of reinforcement is Mr. Barros using?

continuous reinforcement

Jillian watches a lot of daytime television. During the day, Charmin toilet paper runs lots of television ads. Jillian always smiles when she sees these ads, because they have so many cute babies on them. When Jillian is shopping at her local market, she finds herself smiling when she is in the toilet paper section, especially when she is near the Charmin toilet paper. In this scenario, ______ is/are the conditioned stimulus and ______ is the conditioned response

cute babies; smiling

Cognitive learning theory suggests that it is not enough to say that people make responses because there is an assumed link between a stimulus and a response due to a past history of reinforcement for the response. Instead, learners develop a(n) ______ that they will receive a reinforcer after making a response.

expectation

A schedule in which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.

fixed-interval schedule

In a previous study, participants were given chicken noodle soup. Who felt the chicken soup was a comfort food?

individuals who had a social connection to that soup

Behavior that is rewarded some but not all of the time is on a ______ schedule of reinforcement.

intermittent

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

learning that it is better to ask for permission before doing something that might get you into trouble

Roger went to his very first yoga class yesterday. When he entered the room, he noticed that everyone was taking their shoes and socks off and stacking them neatly against the wall. According to observational learning, what would you expect Roger to do?

neatly stack his shoes and socks with everyone else's

John lost his wallet. He hopes it is somewhere in his bedroom. He has searched for it, but the room is so messy he hasn't found it and can't be sure it is there. If John stops leaving his room in a mess in the future, then losing his wallet has functioned as a

negative punishment.

Casey rides in the car with his father all the time and just recently realized that he has learned the major streets of his home town because of all of the car rides. Casey's knowledge of his city's street layout is most likely the result of

observational learning.

As the manager of a new frozen yogurt store, Damon is asked to implement a rewards system that uses a fixed-ratio schedule. Which of the following should he use?

offer reward cards that allow customers to get their tenth frozen yogurt for free

A(n) ______ reinforcer is a stimulus added to the environment that brings about an increase in a preceding response.

positive

A variable ____ schedule reinforces a behavior after an average number of times but on an unpredictable basis.

ratio

People with what type of learning style master material best through exposure to a full unit or phenomenon?

relational learning style

The process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

shaping

The reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning.

spontaneous recovery

"A cold wind blowing in my face makes me shiver." In this example, shivering is a(n)

unconditioned response (UCR)

A stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned.

unconditioned stimulus

Garcia's work on learned taste aversion was based on his finding that some organisms, including humans, ______ quickly learn to avoid foods that smelled or tasted like something that in the past made them sick.

were biologically prepared to