Ch 6

Which of the following statements concerning the development of folk psychology is incorrect? A. 1 year olds understand people's behaviors is often intentional, designed to achieve a goal B. In one of the earliest phases of development of a theory of mind, preschool children understand that people can have different desires C. A fundamental shift occurs when children understand that behavior is based on a person's beliefs about events and situations, as long as those beliefs are correct

A fundamental shift occurs when children understand that behavior is based on a person's beliefs about events and situations, as long as those beliefs are correct

Which of the following is not one of the defining features of the sensorimotor stage? A. adapting to and exploring the environment B. understanding objects C. animism and centration

Animism and centration

During the _____ stage, thinking is rule-oriented and logical but limited to the tangible and real

Concrete operational stage

________ propose(s) distinct active domains of knowledge, some of which are acquired early in life

Core-knowledge theories

Private speech

Helps children regulate their own behavior

Many 4 year olds believe that

Only living things have offspring

A defining feature of children in the _____ stage of development is that they often egocentric--they are unable to take perspective of other people

Preoperational stage

Piaget's view of cognitive development has some straightforward implications for teaching practices. Which teaching strategy is NOT an application of Piaget's theory? Teachers should tailor instruction to individual students. Teachers should provide children with educational experiences that are slightly ahead of the children's current level of thinking. Teachers should provide children with materials that will allow them to discover for themselves how the world works. Teachers should correct children's mistakes directly, so that children don't waste time worrying about their errors.

Teachers should correct children's mistakes directly, so that children don't waste time worrying about their errors.

A teaching practice suggested by Piaget's theory is

Teaching at a level slightly ahead of children's current level of thinking

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Piaget's theory according to your textbook author? The theory puts too much emphasis on cultural and social differences between children. Concepts such as assimilation and accommodation are two vague to use in research. The theory underestimates young children's ability to understand the world. The theory does not account for differences in individual children's development.

The theory puts too much emphasis on cultural and social differences between children

Six-month-old Nydia has been exclusively breastfed since birth. The first time Nydia is offered a bottle, she tries to suck on it the same way she is used to sucking. However, her old sucking behavior is not successful with the bottle. She has to change her sucking in order to get sufficient milk from the bottle. Nydia's new understanding of how to suck on the bottle is an indication that she has engaged in which of the following Piagetian processes? conservation Accommodation Assimilation schemes

accommodation

In Piaget's theory, _________ is illustrated by a breast fed baby who changes the way she sucks to get milk from a bottle

accomodation

Juliann is four. If she is like most 4-year-olds, her naive theory of biology will include the belief that animals can move by themselves but inanimate objects can only be moved by other people or objects. when inanimate objects get damaged, they will heal by themselves, but when animate things are injured they must be fixed by humans. both animals and inanimate objects grow bigger and physically more complex the insides of both animate and inanimate objects contain the same kinds of materials.

animals can move by themselves but inanimate objects can only be moved by other people or objects.

Information-processing theorists use a(n) __________ as a model for human cognition. genius computer black box explorer

computer

__________ thought is rule-oriented and logical, but limited to the tangible and real. Concrete Operationl Formal operational Sensorimotor Preoperational

concrete operational

Which of the following theories proposes that very early in life children develop specific knowledge in different areas? Piaget's theory Information processing theory Core-knowledge theories Vygotsky's sociocultural theory

cote-knowledge theory

When children in the preoperational stage are asked to identify different perspectives of model mountains on a table, they generally have trouble doing so. This demonstrates what aspect of their thought? Conservation Formal Operations Egocentrism Object Permanence

egocentrism

According to Vygotsky, interactions in which cognitive growth results from children's involvement in structured activities with others who have more skill than they do are called guided participation. intersubjectivity. private speech. concrete operations.

guided participation.

Information processing theorists refer to sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory as mental

hardware

Information-processing theorists believe that developmental change occurs

in several different forms, rather than by a single mechanism

Skills that are automatic require less long term memory more working memory more sensory memory less working memory

less working memory

In Piaget's theory, children are often thought to be

little scientists

Piaget thought that children were like sponges. like computers. little scientists. miniature adults.

little scientists

If an infant watches while a toy that has been hidden in one location is then hidden in a new location, most 8- to 10-month-olds can easily find the toy in the new location. do not try to do anything because they cannot decide where to look for the toy. look for the object in the old location, showing a limited understanding of objects. look for the object in randomly in different places.

look for the object in the old location, showing a limited understanding of objects.

Some researchers believe that the defining characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is the absence of a theory mind, called ________

mindblindness

The zone of proximal development refers to

the difference between what a child can do with and without help

The zone of proximal development refers to comments not intended for others but intended to help children regulate their own behavior. a teaching style that matches the amount of assistance to the learner?s need. The highest level of achievement a child can reach by him or herself. the difference between what a child can do with and without help.

the difference between what a child can do with and without help.

A person's understanding of the connections between thoughts and behavior are central to information processing theory. Vygotsky's theory. a theory of mind. strategic thinking.

theory of mind

Research on infants' naive theories of physics shows that they

understand that solids keep their shape when moved by that liquids do not

As you read and consciously think about this test question, it is stored in strategic memory. long-term memory. sensory memory. working memory.

working memory