CH. 7 Computer Hardware

2 statements about unicode

- 16 bit (minimum) encoding standard - capable of representing all the world's languages.

Popular in the 1990s, the blue port in the image is used to connect computers to monitors or televisions. It is the ______ port.

VGA

some computers use ______, an 8-bit coding scheme to represent characters in binary format.

ASCII

short-range wireless transmission protocol is known as ______.

Bluetooth

The computer that can be found inside a digital watch is referred to as a(n) _______ computer. It has a real time operating system.

Embedded

All-in-one computer

Not mobile, but since most of its components are housed behind the monitor it takes relatively little space on your desk

The instructions needed to boot-up a computer, such as the BIOS, are typically stored in ______.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Solid _____ Drives (SSD) are all-electronic storage devices that are used in variety of products including smartphones, cameras, and tablet computers. SSDs have no moving parts, which make them faster and more durable than hard drives.

State

a mobile hinged computer with an intergrated keyboard that uses a full operating system is called a notebook or

a laptop computer.

fetch

an instruction is obtained from memory

Gigahertz means one ______ cycles (instructions) per second.

billion

represented by a 0 or 1 a ____ is the smallest unit of data a computer can process

bit

A channel over which information flows inside a digital device is called a ______.

bus

3 factors that impact a processor's speed are clock speed, word size, and ___________.

bus width

memory such as RAM or cache is _____ and has no moving parts.

electronic

Intel

founded in 1968, this is the world's largest manufacturer of processors

Nvidia

founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors.

The output of a computer that creates a visual image is called _____.

graphics

The physical parts of a computer such as the system unit (like the tower unit above) or monitor are referred to as computer ________

hardware

laptop computer

hinged, clamshell-type mobile computer

A two-in-one computer combines a tablet with a (usually) detachable ___________ to make a relatively, powerful, yet mobile, computer.

keyboard

L1 cache

memory located directly on the processor itself

L3 cache

memory located next to the processor

Disk cache

memory used to increase a hard drives efficiency

Cache contains frequently accessed data and is ___________ the computer's RAM

much smaller than

two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and can execute two or more sets of instructions at a time is called a ______-core processors

multi

desktop computer

not mobile, but allows for relatively easy upgrade and expansion

a hardware component that keeps data and information when the device is not powered is called

storage

The location of the computer's _______ unit, which houses a computer's motherboard, depends on type of computer. For example, in this tablet, it is located under the touchscreen.

system

typical hard drive capacities would be measured in

terabytes and gigabytes

decode

the instructions are converted into something the computer can understand

execute

the processor completes the instruction

Bus _______ is measured in bits. A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.

width

The amount of bits a processor can work with at any given time is referred to as _______ size.

word

3 characteristics of a desktop computer

- desktops use a full OS - desktops allow for relatively easy upgrade and expansion - are usually used in offices

2 correct statements about a byte

- equals to 8 bits - each number, special character, and of the alphabet is represented as a byte.

external storage devices

- external hard drive - USB drive - Optical (DVD) Drive

2 responses that best define the term "resolution" in the output devices.

- number of pixels in a display - quality of the image.

how to check storage on computer

- open the start menu - open the settings menu - open the system menu - click storage

characteristics of tablet computer

- smaller OS (usually) - highly portable - touchscreen is a primary input

characteristics of a traditional hard drive

- stores data magnetically - platter - read/write head

3 correct statements regarding clock speed.

- the clock speed is the base speed at which the processor performs the machine cycle each second. - clock speed is sometimes called clock rate. - increasing the clock speed of a processor is called overclocking.

Steps in the boot process

- the device is powered on and the CPU activates BIOS. The power-on-self-test is executed - the OS is loaded into RAM - The OS checks the registry settings and loads saved configuration settings. -

sold in categories such as CATe (enhanced) or CAT6, _________ cable is commonly used for connecting devices in a network.

Ethernet

High-Definition _________ Interface (HDMI) is a standard interface for audio-video connectivity which allows for the transmission of high-definition audio and video signals.

Multimedia

Media players allow you to listen to audio files such as music, podcast, listen to audio books, and watch video. Media players are often referred to as _____ Media Players due to their trans portability and customization.

Personal

Smartphones owe much of their popularity and computing flexibility to ________ that give them far more capability

apps

A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU is called ______.

cache

Memory and ____ hold data used by processors.

cache

A digital device that accepts input, processes and stores the input and provides an output is

computer

the specialized end of a cord, plug, or expansion card that connects into a port is called a

connector

Screen size is measured by the ___.

diagonal distance between the upper right and lower left corners of the screen

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is _____ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

A computer that is intergrated (is a part of) a larger device, such as a programmable thermostat, is called a(n) _________ computer. It has a real time operating system (RTOS).

embedded

As you use your hard drive new files will be deleted and added. This can create a slower, _______ hard drive.

fragmented

The physical parts of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit are called computer _________

hardware

A unit of frequency representing one cycle per second is a _______.

hertz

A multicore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called _________.

hyperthreading

When a computer is shut down, the information is the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is _____.

not saved

all computations and activities in a digital device are conducted by the ____.

processor

a set of rules for communication between devices that determines how data is transmitted and received is called a _________.

protocol

a processor composed of one control unit and one Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is called a ____________.

single-core processor.

Data from the hard drive reaches the CPU ___ than data from the RAM.

slower

The amount of data that can be transmitted at a given time by a bus is called bus ________.

width

2 correct statements about CPU

- The CPU is located on the motherboard of the computer - the CPU is intergrated into a chip called a microprocessor

The four basic funtions of a computer are to:

- accept data input - process data into information - present output - provide storage

2 correct statements about all-in-one computers

- all-in-one computers house every component except the keyboard and mouse inside the same case as the monitor - all-in-one computers are stationary devices with separated keyboard and mouse

2 statements about the ASCII encoding standard

- capable of representing 26 uppercase and lowercase letters used in the English language, numbers, and many different symbols. - can represent a total of 256 characters

Popularized with transistor radios in the 1950s, this connector is used with nearly all cell phones today. It is a ________

3.5 mm connector

Processors typically have a word size of either ______ or ______.

32 or 64 bits

The port/connector combination that is used for nearly all high-definition television or computer connections is ______

HDMI

IrDA stands for the _____ Data Association which establishes the protocols for infrared communication transfer.

Infrared

The smallest element of an image is called a _____ and is usually composed of _____ three colors.

Pixel Three

IPOS refers to the four basic computing functions. IPOS stands for Input, _______, Output, and Storage

Processing

Programs and data are currently being used by the processor are placed in the _______.

RAM

AMD

founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside every major next-generation gaming console and home entertainment system: Microsoft's Xbox One, Sony's PS4, and Nintendo's Wii U.

Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in ____ .

gigabytes

The connector and port developed for Apple devices such as IPhones and iPads is called _______

lighting

File Server

used for data storage - file serves house various documents and information resources of an organization

Web Server

used to control access to resources on the Web - most web servers have a built-in firewall for security

Network Server

used to control access to resources such as printers and applications on a network - used to control access to resources on a network

how to deframe a disk

1) Open disk defragmenter by clicking the start button and looking up disk defragmenter 2) under current status select the disk you was to deframe 3) to determine if the disk needs to be deframed click anaylize disk 4) click deframe disk

how to remove unwanted files with the disk cleanup

- from the start menu choose all programs -- accessories-- system tools -- disk cleanup - if prompted choose which disk - in disk cleanup dialog box choose which items you want removed - click OK and delete files

Memory, such as a computer's RAM ______.

- holds data and programs being used by the processor.

not a feature in tablet computer

- includes a terabyte (TB) or more of storage - most allow you to upgrade RAM

Mainframe

- more powerful than a server, less powerful than a supercomputer. - Not designed to calculate huge formulas, but able to manage thousands of transactions simultaneously. - Often operated by businesses such as large banks or credit card companies

Supercomputer

- most powerful type of computer - many of these are owned by research universities and gov agencies such as the NSA - NASA uses them to determine gravitational fluctuations that might indicated additional planets in the solar system.

If you buy a new computer game that emphasizes graphics, or new photo/video editing software for your desktop computer, you may want to purchase a new ___ card.

Video/graphics

which of the following computers might contain a traditional (magnetic) hard drive?

dell desktop computer

computer is a good choice for people with kids that might drop a laptop

desktop computer

store

the results are placed in memory before the next instruction is executed

tablet computer

highly mobile- you can use it while standing or walking around