Ch 7&8 HGD

Violet is teaching her 6-year-old child to write sentences. She notices that, most of the time, if he can't spell a word, he makes up his own spelling. Which of the following approaches should she follow to make her son a competent write over time?

She should discourage him from writing so that he knows he must pay more attention.

Ten-year-old Jose finds that he needs to talk to Richard, his friend, in order to know whether his feelings about his own brothers and sisters are normal. Which friendship function does Richard provide in this case?

Social comparison

Fernando does not cut in line, raises his hand in class before talking, and stops his car at stop signs on the road. He focuses on rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system. Which of the following best describes Fernando's reasoning?

Social consensus reasoning

Considering how early intervention programs to improve intellectual development have shown marked improvements in the IQ of participants, it can be inferred that the main reason children from low SES families earn lower scores on IQ tests is that

The parents have difficult providing an intellectually stimulating environment for their children.

Identify a true statement about the criticism of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation.

Under the NCLB legislation, teachers end up spending far too much class time focusing on the development of thinking skills.

In the context of accountability from schools, which of the following is a criticism of state-wide standardized testing in schools?

Using a single test as the sole indicator of students' progress and competence presents a very narrow view of students' skills.

Mr. Trahan teaches English. He adopts a constructivist approach to learning. In his classroom, it is MOST likely that the students will be

Working in groups to discover the meaning of a poem.

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, enacted in 1975, required that

all students with disabilities be given a free, appropriate public education

Tapi believes that all human beings have certain inalienable rights that need to be protected. She believes that the current law in her country that prohibits interracial marriage is unfair and should be changed. According to Kohlberg, which of the following describes Tapi's level of moral reasoning?

postconventional

The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called

self-efficacy

An aggressive boy's interpretation of an encounter as hostile and his classmates' perception of his behavior as inappropriate are examples of _____ in behavior development.

social cognition

One area of math in which boys were found to be better at is:

visuospatial skills

By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately

40,000 words

Which of the following statements is true of bullying in the social context of a peer group?

Bullies avoid tormenting victims in front of their peers.

In the context of the developmental changes in emotions during the middle and late childhood years, who among the following children most likely exhibits the ability to suppress or conceal negative emotional reactions?

Chris who has learned to tone down his anger when one of his classmates irritates him

Which of the following statements is true of the development of self-understanding in children?

During the elementary school years, children are less likely to recognize social aspects of the self.

It is common to hear children start using the word fair as a synonym for equal or same starting at around _________ years of age.

Eight

Which of the following is an aspect of social-emotional learning that the Second Step program focuses on in Pre-K?

Executive function skills

A child is presented with two identical balls of clay. The experimenter rolls one ball into a long, thin shape; the other remains in its original ball. The child is then asked if there is more clay in the ball or in the long, thin piece of clay. If the child answers the problem correctly, the child most likely is in which stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory?

concrete operational stage

______ thinking characterizes the kind of thinking that is required on conventional tests of intelligence

convergent

At some point during the early elementary school years, children begin to use _________ more and, according to fuzzy trace theory, this contributes to the improved memory and reasoning of older children.

gist

Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory and Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence are examples of the idea that:

intelligence consists of a number of specific abilities.