Ch 8. Political Parties
The first party system in the United States lasted from 1789 until
1828
The second party system lasted from ____ until 1860
1828
The third part system lasted from 1860 to
1896
The fourth party system lasted from 1896 to
1932
The fifth party system lasted between 1932 and
1968
American political parties perform their various functions through ____ "faces" or spheres of operation.
3
What is an individual who considers himself or herself as a member of one party or the other is referred to as?
A party identified
What is and individual who considers himself or herself as a member of one party or the other referred to as?
A party identified
Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?
A proportional representation system
Countries with multiplayer system tend to have what kind of electoral system?
A proportional representation system
What does a third party provide for distinguished voters?
A release valve
Voters can identify themselves as which of the following?
A republican, democrat, or and independent.
George Washington and his allies favored which of the following?
A strong central government
Current election laws in the United States favor
A two party system
The party in electorate is comprised of
Affiliated voters
Which of the following best describes the voting electorate aftzer the expansion of voting rights during the Jacksonian era?
All white males
Which president was a leading advocate of giving ordinary citizens a more direct role in the Democratic Party?
Andrew Jackson
Most issue advocacy parties that form
Are short lived because their issues often fade from popular concern.
Which of the following are legislative powers enjoyed by the majority party leadership in state legislatures?
Assigning bills to committees, choosing legislative leadership such as house speaker, committee assignments for members.
How are party identifiers measured?
Based on who fills out a voter registration form, and based on whether or not a voter elects a party tone affiliated with.
How are party identifiers measured?
Based on whole fills out a voter registration form, and based on whether or not a voter selects a party to be affiliated with.
By attracting additional supported to their parties in recent years, political parties have
Become more diverse
Which one of the following presidents do New Democrats most identify with?
Bill Clinton
Who were the democratic candidates who successfully won the presidency since 1968
Bill Clinton, jimmy carter, and Barack Obama
In general, political parties are made up of a ___ constituency of supporters.
Broad
Since 1968, there has been a rise in the number of ____ committees in which organizations form to support the individual rather than the party's slate of candidates.
Candidate
Over the past century, which of the following has increased in significance?
Candidate centered campaigns
How do "checks" ok elected officials work?
Checks are intended to enable voters to limit the power of elected officials.
What are roles of the political party at the national level?
Conduct national party conventions, select a head of the national party committee, determine the party's nominee for president, adopt a party platform.
The extent to which party identification and overall acceptance of the two party system is passed across generations is known as ____ socialization.
Continued
Although Hispanics lean towards the Democratic Party, which groups of Hispanics do not?
Deeply religious Hispanics and Cuban Americans
Since the Great Depression, which party's agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for the most vulnerable members of society?
Democratic
What political party was dominant during the fifth party system?
Democratic Party
Which political party has been known for its advancement of civil rights and expansion of social welfare programs?
Democratic Party
What two political parties remained the most competitive during the third party system?
Democratic Party and Republican Party
Which are the major political parties in the United States?
Democratic and Republican Party
Which two political parties were considered the most competitive during the second party system?
Democrats and Whigs
Which two political parties were considered the most competitive during the second party system?
Democrats and the Whigs
Third parties have troubled garnering much support from dissatisfied voters because the ideologies of the dissatisfied voters are so
Diverse
In a winner take all electoral system, the winning candidate
Does not need to win a majority of the popular vote.
Even if a third party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed?
Drawn attention to and issue previously ignored by the two major candidates, encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party.
The nature of most political policy conflicts in the United States are most likely considered to be
Dualist
As president, Woodrow Wilson
Enacted many of the republican party's progressive proposals.
In countries wig proportional representation, forming coalitions among many political parties is
Encouraged
In most states, which branch of government is more likely to appoint party loyalists into the governors administration?
Executive
President franklin d Roosevelt sought to ___ the role of the government to help the most vulnerable in society.
Expand
True or false: the advent of the Internet has had little effect on the ideology of political parties during the twenty first century.
False
True of false: the Internet has limited party activism to individuals who can attended party meetings.
False.
Since the 1980s which group has voted most strongly for the Republican Party?
Fundamentalist Christians
According to the dominant model in political theory, political parties will
Give voters a clear choice by establishing different priorities or policy stances than rival parties
According to the dominant model in political theory, political parties will
Give voters a clear choice by establishing different priorities or policy stances than rival parties.
The time period from 1815 to 1828 is know to U.S. historians as the era of
Good feelings
The party identification of elected leaders at all levels of government is referred to as the party in
Government
Some of today's party differences in ideology and in core constituencies can be traced back to which of the following times?
Great Depression
Which of the following led to the start of the fifth party system?
Great Depression
Factional or splinter parties are third parties that
Have broken off from one of the two dominant parties.
Which of the following is included within the party organization?
Headquarters, staff, party leaders, committees.
Party ___ is considered a political attribute that can be passed down from one generation to the next.
Identification
Which type of third party is highly organized around a framework concerning the nature and told of the government?
Ideologically oriented parties
Unaffiliated voters are often referred to as
Independents
Which of the following groups are generally not considered to identify as republican?
Liberals
The corrupt and useful organization that dominated politics during he turn of the twentieth century was known as a political or party
Machine
Parties that hold the ___ of seats in the states legislature are more likely to have success with their proposed legislation.
Majority
The party which is more than 50% of the elected legislatures belong is known as the ___ party, the party to which less than 50% of the legislation belong is known as the ___ party.
Majority;minority
Who did democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan appeal to in his campaign for the presidency?
Midwesterners, southerners, and Protestants.
Which of the following is not likely to be considered part of the republican base today?
Minorities
In comparison to interest groups, political parties usually have ____ responsibilities.
More
Which of the following comprise the political party's organization?
Municipal committees, state committees, national committees, precinct organizations.
Contrasted with the New Democrats, under president Obama the Democratic Party desires an expanded role for the ___ government in American life.
National
Which level of party organization nominates the party's candidate for president?
National level
Franklin d. Roosevelt push for a broad program in which the government would bear the responsibility of providing a safety net to help the weakest members of society was known as the
New deal
Third parties have existed since the
Nineteenth century
What can political parties do, given their nature in the United States?
Nominates candidates, govern, identify potential candidates, organize elections, campaign for candidates
Thomas Jefferson differed from George Washington in that he ___ a strong central government.
Opposed
Campaigns and political parties have utilized the internet and social media for which of the following initiatives?
Organizing party activities, fund raising, and connection with supporters.
Which of the following are considered functions of a political party?
Parties endeavor to represent a majority, parties seek to govern.
During the third party system, party leaders used ___ as a device to reward political supports with jobs or government contracts.
Patronage
Which of the following are recognized as factors that will likely influence which party an individual will identify with?
Personal circumstances, ideology, postpositions on important issues, and race.
Delegates at the convention develop a party ___ that describes the party policy priorities and positions on issues
Platform
Formal statements of a parts principles and policy objectives are known as the party's
Platform
The changes in the political party's functions as evidenced by large turnout in recent elections, suggests which of the following?
Political parties are adapting to changes and will remain viable in the future
What did tip oniell mean when he said "all politics are local"?
Political parties are organized just as much, if no more, at the county and local level than at the national level.
In a proportional representation system, which of he following is true?
Political parties win a number of seats in the legislature in rough proportion to the percentage of the vote each party receives
In a proportional representation system, which of the following is true?
Political parties win a number of seats in the legislature in rough proportion to the percentage of the vote each party receives.
Which of the following philosophies has the democratic espoused during its history?
Populism and the spoils system
Which of the following do county communities consist of?
Precinct committees, ward committees, municipal committees
An election in which voters chose the party's nominees is called ____ election
Primary
Which of the following factors have contributed to the weakening of party organizations?
Primary elections and candidate campaigns
Which of the following, at one time, have been considered third parties in the United States?
Progressive party and Green Party
Political parties partake in activities that are primarily intended to
Promote democracy
In 2000 presidential race, many democrats believe that Green Party ____ cause democrat al gore to lose the election to republican w. Bush
Ralph nadar
Some of the problems weak parties have in influencing the electorate include which of the following?
Recruiting candidates, attracting volunteers, bringing people out to fundraisers
The national, state, and local organizations of the republican and democratic parties are
Relatively independent, that is each level does not have much control over others.
Which of the following is not likely to be considered part of the Democratic Party base today?
Religious Americans
Which party benefited from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression?
Republican Party
Which political party was dominant during the fourth party system?
Republican Party
What two political parties remained the most competitive during the third party system?
Republican and Democratic Party
The theory that parties make government more effective and provide important cues for voters is known as the
Responsible party model
The tea party has influenced the Republican Party by pushing it to the ideological ___
Right
Why do some scholars think that we have moved beyond the fifth party system and into a new system?
Since 1968, republicans have won seven of twelve presidential elections.
What issue eventually split up the Whig party. Paving the way for its eventual demise?
Slavery
Compared with the party in the electorate, the number of individuals who actually participate in the party organization is
Smaller
In the case of Buckley v. Valeo the Supreme Court enabled political parties to raise unlimited funds for party-building activities what is know as the ___ money loophole.
Soft
Which of the following are key principles outlined by the tea party movement?
Stars fights, national security, and fiscal policy.
Political parties can be found in which of the following levels of government?
State and national levels
Which political party committee level serves as an intermediary between the county committee and the national level?
State committee
The number and competitiveness of political parties in a given polity is known as a party
System
Current United States election laws as both the federal and the state levels benefit all of he following except
The Green Party
Under which of the following presidential administrations was there divided government at least part of the time?
The bush and Clinton administration
Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?
The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.
If an interest group such as the NRA nominated its own candidate, what might happen?
The candidate would likely not have broad enough support for victory.
Which of the following contributed to the rise of the jeffersonians?
The creation of newly established of newly established political papers used to communicate with voters, the decline of the Federalist Party after losing the 1800 elections, and a strong base of support that continued to grow even after Jefferson lost the 1796 election to john Adams.
The most important components of a party organization can be found in the broad base of support at
The local or county level
In local government, who usually has the privilege of supporting favorable appointees of their choice?
The majority party
Who oversees the day to day operations of the political party's national organizations?
The national chair
How does the role of the national chair change is the party wins the presidential election?
The national chair is less prominent since the president becomes the most prominent member of the party
Which of the following is at the top of the party organizations formal apparatus?
The national committee
Which of the following compromise the political party's organization?
The national government, municipal committees, precinct organizations, and state committees.
Who becomes the official spokesman for the loyal opposition?
The national party chair
When realignment in an electorate occurs, which of the following occurs?
The parties reorganize themselves
Which party typically runs congress
The party holding the majority of seats in both houses of legislature
Which of the following describe a party's platform?
The party's policy objectives, and the party's stance on a wide variety of issues.
What arguments have political political scientists made about the two party system in the United States?
The two party system is facing a historic decline in its overall influence in American politics, and the media has replaced the parties as a source of information for many Americans.
How did many of our founding fathers in American history view the possible existence of political parties?
The viewed political parties with suspicion.
How did party machines, such as Tammany hall, impact American politics?
They integrated immigrants into the social, economic, and political fabric of the United States, they awarded jobs to citizens as a reward for their loyalty.
In the U.S., a party organized as opposition or and alternative to the existing parties in a two party system know as a ___ party
Third
True or false: a check can be an effective tool even for elected officials who are not running for reelection.
True
True or false: a check can be effective tool even elected officials who are not running for reelection.
True
True or false: an emphasis on reflecting the present diversity of the Americans electorate contributes to a political party's health.
True
Which electoral results indicated that American party system remains vibrant?
Turnout in recent elections
The United States government functions as a ___ system.
Two party
What has the dualist nature of politics in American led to?
Two party system
Which of the following events did Republican Party have to overcome to remain competitive in American politics at different times during the party's history?
Watergate scandal, assassination of party leaders, and the new deal.
Which party formed during he 1830s was competitive against the Jacksonian Democratic Party?
Whig party
Which president was elected as a candidate of the Whig party?
William Henry Harrison
Who was the populist democratic nominee for the 1896 presidential election?
William Jennings Bryan
For a party to be in the best position to enact abroad partisan agenda, what does a party have hope for?
Winning a majority of seats in a legislature, and winning control of the executive branch.
Interest groups focus on advancing policies while political parties focus on
Winning elections
