CH 8 Psych
hyperthymesia
Marilu Henner has _______ and only 12 known individuals have this ability
5-9
Miller found that people can retain ab ________ to _______ items in STM
true
T or F: info that is meaningful is easier to recall than meaningless info
misidentification
__________ is the leading cause of wrongful convictions
recall
accessing info w/o cues
retrieval
act of getting info out of memory storage and back into consciousness (3 kinds)
working memory
another name for short term memory?
tip of the tongue phenomenon
blocking is known as this _____________
misattribution
confusion ab source of memory
rehearsal
conscious repetition of info to be remembered moves info from STM to long term memory causing memory consolidation
storage
creation of a permanent record of info
automatic processing
encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and meaning of words and is usually done without conscious awareness
effortful processing
encoding of info that takes time and attention
short term
expressive writing ab a traumatic experience helps improve _______ memory capacity
suggestibility
false memories caused by someone else
retroactive or proactive
forgetting can be due to interference, either ______ or ________
absentmindedness
forgetting caused by lapses in attention
construction
formulation of new memory
retrieval
getting info out of memory and back into awareness
20 secs
how long does short term memory last?
recognition
identifying info you have previously learned after encountering it again ex: multiple choice test
discarded
info from short term memory either goes to long term memory or is ________
blocking
info is temporarily blocked
persistence
involuntarily recalling unwanted memories
encoding
involves the input of info into the memory system
relearning
learning info that you previously learned
forgetting
loss of info from long term
bias
memories distorted by current belief system
transience
memories fade overtime
chunking
organizing info into manageable bit or chunks ex: phone numbers
amygdala
part of the brain involved in fear and fear memories
reconstruction
process of bringing up old memory
storage
retention of encoded info
memory enhancing strategies
techniques to help make sure info goes from short term memory to long term
explicit and implicit
there are two components of long term memory which are?
mnemonic devices
these aid in memory that help organize info for encoding ex: knuckles and the months
Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve
this curve shows exactly how quickly memory for new info decays
suggestibility
this describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories
stroop
this effect describes why it's difficult for us to name a color when word and the color are different
self reference effect
this effect is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for info that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal reference
equipotentiality
this hypothesis says if one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged another part of the same area can take over that memory function
elaborative rehearsal
this involves thinking abut new info in relation to knowledge you already have stored in your memory
amnesia
this is a loss of long term memory that occurs as a result of disease, physical trauma, or psych. trauma
false memory syndrome
this is the recall of false autobiographical memories
flashbulb memory
this memory is a record of an atypical and unusual event that has very strong emotional associations
sensory memory
this memory is storage of brief sensory events such as sights, sounds, and tastes
Atkinson-Shiffrin
this model of memory is info that passes thru 3 distinct stages in order for it to be stored in long term memory
hippocampus
this part of the brain is associated with declarative and episodic memory as well as recognition memory and consolidation memory
prefrontal cortex
this part of the brain is involved in remembering semantic tasks like classifying living or non living things
cerebellum
this part of the brain processes implicit memories
Ebinghaus
this person memorized lists of nonsense syllables and then measured how much he retained
arousal theory
this theory holds that strong emotion trigger the formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences from weaker memories
retrograde
this type of amnesia is memory problems that extend back in time before the injury and prevent retrieval of info stored in long term memory
anterograde
this type of amnesia is memory problems that extend forward in time from point of injury and prevent new memory ex: 50 first dates
hindsight bias
this type of bias is when we think of an outcome as inevitable after the fact "I knew it all along"
visual
this type of encoding is the input of images
auditory
this type of encoding is the input of sounds, words, and music
semantic
this type of encoding is the input of words and their meaning (grouped categories)
episodic
this type of explicit memory is info about events we have personally experience ex: first kiss
semantic
this type of explicit memory is the knowledge ab words, concepts, and language based facts ex: first pres?
emotional conditioning
this type of implicit memory is reacting a certain way bc of conditioning
procedural
this type of implicit memory stores info ab how to do thing such as brushing your teeth and driving your car
Explicit
this type of long term memory includes episodic and semantic memory
implicit
this type of long term memory includes procedural memory and things learned from emotional conditioning
implicit
this type of long term memory is also known as non- declarative memory and are those that are not part of our consciousness and are formed thru behaviors
explicit
this type of memory are those we consciously try to remember and recall ex: studying
explicit
this type of memory is also known as declarative memory?
short term
this type of memory is temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory info and sometimes it is called working memory
long term
this type of memory is the continuous storage of info and has no limits
amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, and prefrontal cortex
what are the major parts of the brain involved in memory?
semantic, visual, and auditory
what are the three types of encoding?
memory consolidation
when increased activity by neurons leads to increased neurotransmitters in the synapses and more efficient and more synaptic connections
glutamate
when ppl/animals are stresses, the brain secretes _______ which helps them remember the stressful event
hippocampus
which part of the brain was injured in 50 first dates?
schacter
who came up with the 7 ways our memory fails us?
lashley
who came up with the equipotentiality hypothesis?
lashley
who conducted the experiment with rats and mazes?
