Ch. 8 Relationships Among Variables
For a predicted score of 30 and a standard error of estimate of 6, the chances are 95 out of 100 that the true score will be between
18 and 42
A researcher finds a correlation of .70 between popularity ratings and self-concept scores. What percentages of common association can be inferred between the two (2) variables?
49%
If there is a correlation of .80 between a test of scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one (1) can infer that
64% of the achievement test variance is caused by scholastic aptitude
Prediction studies use which of the following as the basic analysis technique?
Correlation
A correlational technique frequently used in the construction of an instrument (such as an attitude inventory) that statistically groups test items that seem to be measuring a particular dimension or trait is called
Factor Analysis
In discriminant function analysis, one (1) is able to predict
Group membership
A correlation of .00 between two (2) variables indicates
Independence (no association) between the variables
If two (2) measures have a high positive correlation, and a person has a low score on one (1) measure, her score on the other measure is most likely to be
Low
In multiple regression, one (1) is able to predict
One (1) criterion from two (2) or more predictors
When a researcher decides that an appropriate analysis for a research model is to evaluate how several variables might influence two (2) other variables that in turn influence the outcome variable of interest, the appropriate statistical analysis is
Structural Equation Modeling
Four (4) skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A r = .27; test B r = -.90; test C r = -.40; test D r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is...?
Test B: r = -.90
A research article reports that there is 60% common association (or shared variance) between the scores on two (2) measures. Explain what this means. How did they get the 60%? What was the correlation?
The correlation was .775 They got the 60% by taking the correlation of .775, squaring it and expressing it as a percentage of 60%
Explain the meaning of the finding that there is a negative correlation between class attendance (number of absences) and achievement in class (as measured by the final exam). Use the concept of the r square in your explanation
The more absences the student has, the lower their test scores will be. Therefore, it will result in negative correlation R square is the coefficient of determination and it indicates the portion of the total variance in one (1) measure that can be explained, or accounted for, by the variance in other measure
In logistic regression, one (1) is able to predict
The probability of an occurrence