Ch. 8 Relationships Among Variables

For a predicted score of 30 and a standard error of estimate of 6, the chances are 95 out of 100 that the true score will be between

18 and 42

A researcher finds a correlation of .70 between popularity ratings and self-concept scores. What percentages of common association can be inferred between the two (2) variables?

49%

If there is a correlation of .80 between a test of scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one (1) can infer that

64% of the achievement test variance is caused by scholastic aptitude

Prediction studies use which of the following as the basic analysis technique?

Correlation

A correlational technique frequently used in the construction of an instrument (such as an attitude inventory) that statistically groups test items that seem to be measuring a particular dimension or trait is called

Factor Analysis

In discriminant function analysis, one (1) is able to predict

Group membership

A correlation of .00 between two (2) variables indicates

Independence (no association) between the variables

If two (2) measures have a high positive correlation, and a person has a low score on one (1) measure, her score on the other measure is most likely to be

Low

In multiple regression, one (1) is able to predict

One (1) criterion from two (2) or more predictors

When a researcher decides that an appropriate analysis for a research model is to evaluate how several variables might influence two (2) other variables that in turn influence the outcome variable of interest, the appropriate statistical analysis is

Structural Equation Modeling

Four (4) skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A r = .27; test B r = -.90; test C r = -.40; test D r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is...?

Test B: r = -.90

A research article reports that there is 60% common association (or shared variance) between the scores on two (2) measures. Explain what this means. How did they get the 60%? What was the correlation?

The correlation was .775 They got the 60% by taking the correlation of .775, squaring it and expressing it as a percentage of 60%

Explain the meaning of the finding that there is a negative correlation between class attendance (number of absences) and achievement in class (as measured by the final exam). Use the concept of the r square in your explanation

The more absences the student has, the lower their test scores will be. Therefore, it will result in negative correlation R square is the coefficient of determination and it indicates the portion of the total variance in one (1) measure that can be explained, or accounted for, by the variance in other measure

In logistic regression, one (1) is able to predict

The probability of an occurrence