CH 9
What term is used to describe any unfavorable medical occurrence associated with the use of a medication, medical intervention, or dietary supplement? A Adverse effect B Allergic reaction C Physiological reaction D Negative corollary Submit
Adverse effect
Essential amino acid
An amino acid that must be obtained through the diet, as the body is not able to make it
Vitamin K supplements should be avoided by those taking which type of medication? Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) Inhalers Insulin Painkillers
Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
Biologically inactive
Any form of a vitamin that cannot exert its effect within the body
Which of the following is a major mineral? A Iron B Zinc C Calcium D Copper Submit
Calcium
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates composed of long chains of glucose units
Where was the first multivitamin product developed? A London B Taiwan C China D Mexico City Submit
China
What term is used to describe a protein source that provides all essential amino acids? A Primary protein B Tertiary protein C Essential protein D Complete protein Submit
Complete protein
What is the most common, and likely most effective form of creatine available as a dietary supplement? A Creatine citrate B Creatine malate C Creatine phosphate D Creatine monohydrate
Creatine monohydrate
TRUE of FALSE? The scope of practice for a fitness professional dictates that they can prescribe specific meal plans to clients. A True B False Submit
False
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United States? European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Who enforces guidelines for dietary supplements in the United States? A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) B Food and Drug Administration (FDA) C Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) D Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Submit
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
What term describes the measure of how quickly a carbohydrate will raise an individual's glucose levels when consumed on its own, irrespective of the amount eaten? A Solubility B Glycemic load C Glycemic index D Carbohydrate synthesis Submit
Glycemic index
Vitamin and mineral supplements are which kind of supplements? Stimulants Health supplements Anabolic steroids Performance supplements
Health supplements
Into what two categories are dietary supplements typically classified? A Vitamin supplements and mineral supplements B Banned substances and unbanned substances C Anabolic supplements and synthetic supplements D Health supplements and performance supplements Submit
Health supplements and performance supplements
Which of the following amino acids are referred to as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)? A Lysine, proline, and serine B Leucine, isoleucine, and valine C Cysteine, glutamine, and glycine D Methionine, arginine, and glycine
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine
What enzyme is responsible for most of the breakdown of ingested lipids into fatty acids? A Protease B Amylase C Lingual lipase D Lipoprotein lipase Submit
Lipoprotein lipase
The B vitamins have a primary role in what? Hydration Cancer prevention Muscle contraction Macronutrient metabolism
Macronutrient metabolism
Calcium is of principal importance for what? Clearing toxins Maintaining a strong immune system Nutrient absorption Maintaining strong bones
Maintaining strong bones
Compared to nonheme iron, heme iron is absorbed how? Equally Not at all Less efficiently More efficiently
More efficiently
What is the official term for a statement that maintains that a food has a specific nutritional property or provides a specific benefit? A Food claim B Nutrition fact C Nutrition claim D Food allegation Submit
Nutrition claimAmino acids
Which type of lipids are considered to be heart-healthy and associated with reduced inflammation? Omega-3 fatty acids Polyunsaturated fats Monounsaturated fats Omega-6 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids
Amino acids
Organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group
Vitamins
Organic compounds required in small quantities to support growth and metabolic processes
What reference value is used on labels in the United Kingdom and the European Union, but not in the United States? A Glycemic index B Total energy intake C Percent reference intake (% RI) D Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) Submit
Percent reference intake (% RI)
Which of the following statements is true about proprietary blends? Proprietary blends never contain efficacious doses of ingredients. Proprietary blends should typically be avoided, as the precise amount of each ingredient is not disclosed. Proprietary blends are featured on all supplements. Proprietary blends are used by companies so they can add illegal ingredients.
Proprietary blends should typically be avoided, as the precise amount of each ingredient is not disclosed.
Which of the following is the best source for reviewing information about dietary supplements? A fitness magazine A professional athlete The supplement company's website PubMed
PubMed
What are the two categories of fiber? A Complex and simple B Soluble and insoluble C Complete and incomplete D Essential and nonessential
Soluble and insoluble
Which of the following hydration options would be most appropriate for exercise lasting over 90 minutes, or shorter-duration exercise in warm temperatures with heavy perspiration? Water mixed with fruit juice Fruit juice Plain water Sports drink or electrolyte tablets mixed with water
Sports drink or electrolyte tablets mixed with water
Triglycerides
The chemical substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body
Which law of thermodynamics states that energy in a system cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another? A The first law of thermodynamics B The second law of thermodynamics C The third law of thermodynamics D The fourth law of thermodynamics Submit
The first law of thermodynamics
Biologically active
The form of a vitamin that can exert its effect within the body
What is meant by the term tolerable upper limit (UL)? The amount recommended for the average person to take The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect The same as daily value (DV) The amount of a specific nutrient in a single serving
The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect
For most consumers, which of the following are the two most informative features of a food label? A Total fat and cholesterol B Saturated fat and trans fat C Dietary fiber and total sugars D The nutrition facts label and the ingredients list Submit
The nutrition facts label and the ingredients list
Monosaccharides
The simplest form of carbohydrate; single sugar molecules
What is glycogen? The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans The enzyme that promotes carbohydrate breakdown in humans The storage form of carbohydrate in plants The enzyme that promotes carbohydrate storage in humans and animals
The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans
Starch
The storage form of carbohydrate in plants
Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in Australia? Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Health Canada
Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides joined together to form a simple sugar
Which food would be classified as a high biological value protein source? Lentils Whole eggs Beans Peas
Whole eggs
Pellagra
A disease caused by niacin or tryptophan deficiency that can lead to a rash, digestive disorders, and mood or cognitive decline
Beriberi
A disease caused by thiamine deficiency that can result in heart and nerve inflammation or degeneration, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired motor function
Scurvy
A disease caused by vitamin C deficiency that can lead to anemia, joint weakness, swelling, and tooth loss
Sterols
A group of fats with a ringlike structure
Which of the following is required for fat loss? A Low-fat foods B Low-calorie foods C High-intensity exercise D A net deficit in caloric intake Submit
A net deficit in caloric intake
Hypertonic
A solution with a higher solute load/concentration than body fluids
Hypotonic
A solution with a lower solute load/concentration than body fluids
Isotonic
A solution with a solute load/concentration similar to that of body fluids
Anemia
A term often used to refer to the condition of insufficient iron in the body that can result in fatigue and shortness of breath
Phospholipids
A type of fat comprised of glycerol, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group
Unsaturated fats
A type of fat that has at least one "double bond" in its chemical structure
Saturated fats
A type of fat which has no double bonds in its chemical structure
What is the optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet? A Less than 2:1 B About 4:1 C 10:1 D 20:1 Submit
About 4:1
What term is used to describe metabolic adaptations and changes in energy expenditure as a result of changes in energy intake? A Thermic effect of food B Adaptive thermogenesis C Exercise activity thermogenesis D Nonexercise activity thermogenesis Submit
Adaptive thermogenesis
How much fluid is recommended for rehydration after an intense training session or event? 1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity 2 to 3 liters of fluid Twice the amount of body weight lost during the activity 12 to 15 ounces of fluid
1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity
Protein
1.6 to 2.2 g/kg of body weight
Regarding human nutrition, how many of the 20 relevant amino acids are considered nonessential amino acids? A 5 B 9 C 11 D 15
11
When did modern-day nutritional supplements originate? A 1920s B 1940s C 1960s D 1980s Submit
1940s
Fat
20 to 35% of total calories
What is the optimal amount of protein per meal for muscle protein synthesis? 15 to 20 g 60 to 70 g 30 to 50 g 20 to 40 g
20 to 40 g
How many calories are in 1 gram of protein? 6 2 4 9
4
Carbohydrate
4 to 7 g/kg of body weight
For what is vitamin D most important? Bone health Hair growth Skin pigmentation Eyesight
Bone health
In which of the following pairs are both foods considered to be allergens? Dairy and shellfish Soy and aspartame Gluten and corn Peas and peanuts
Dairy and shellfish
Which of the following is the best example of a complete protein source? Dairy foods Legumes Grains Beans
Dairy foods
A client who is training with you to improve his body composition states that he only sleeps 4 or 5 hours a night because he thinks that any more is a waste of time. How might you respond to him in view of his body composition goals? Explain that 4 or 5 hours may not be enough for his requirements and that he should aim for 6 to 7 hours per day. Explain that as long as he spends the extra hours engaged in physical activity, he should be able to meet his body composition goals. Explain that adequate sleep is important in regulating hunger and satiety hormones, and that chronic sleep deprivation is detrimental for weight management. Express understanding that he has a busy schedule and that sleep may not be a priority, and explain that this should not affect his body composition goals, as sleep and weight are unrelated.
Explain that adequate sleep is important in regulating hunger and satiety hormones, and that chronic sleep deprivation is detrimental for weight management.
A client reports that he was recently told by his doctor that he has high blood sugar and that he should try to reduce it through dietary changes before considering medication. He asks you for advice. What would be the most appropriate course of action? Agree to review his diet and provide him with specific dietary guidelines on what foods to eat and what to avoid. Give him a diabetic meal plan that you find on the internet. Say that you cannot help him because this is a medical issue, and tell him he needs to follow up with his doctor again. Explain that medical nutrition therapy is outside your scope of practice, then refer him to a registered dietitian for nutrition counseling.
Explain that medical nutrition therapy is outside your scope of practice, then refer him to a registered dietitian for nutrition counseling.
Minerals
Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition
Which vitamin is the most transient? Vitamin E Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin C
Vitamin C
Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? A Vitamin C B Vitamin K C Vitamin B6 D Vitamin B12 Submit
Vitamin K
