CH 9

What term is used to describe any unfavorable medical occurrence associated with the use of a medication, medical intervention, or dietary supplement? A Adverse effect B Allergic reaction C Physiological reaction D Negative corollary Submit

Adverse effect

Essential amino acid

An amino acid that must be obtained through the diet, as the body is not able to make it

Vitamin K supplements should be avoided by those taking which type of medication? Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) Inhalers Insulin Painkillers

Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)

Biologically inactive

Any form of a vitamin that cannot exert its effect within the body

Which of the following is a major mineral? A Iron B Zinc C Calcium D Copper Submit

Calcium

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates composed of long chains of glucose units

Where was the first multivitamin product developed? A London B Taiwan C China D Mexico City Submit

China

What term is used to describe a protein source that provides all essential amino acids? A Primary protein B Tertiary protein C Essential protein D Complete protein Submit

Complete protein

What is the most common, and likely most effective form of creatine available as a dietary supplement? A Creatine citrate B Creatine malate C Creatine phosphate D Creatine monohydrate

Creatine monohydrate

TRUE of FALSE? The scope of practice for a fitness professional dictates that they can prescribe specific meal plans to clients. A True B False Submit

False

Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in the United States? European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Who enforces guidelines for dietary supplements in the United States? A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) B Food and Drug Administration (FDA) C Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) D Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Submit

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

What term describes the measure of how quickly a carbohydrate will raise an individual's glucose levels when consumed on its own, irrespective of the amount eaten? A Solubility B Glycemic load C Glycemic index D Carbohydrate synthesis Submit

Glycemic index

Vitamin and mineral supplements are which kind of supplements? Stimulants Health supplements Anabolic steroids Performance supplements

Health supplements

Into what two categories are dietary supplements typically classified? A Vitamin supplements and mineral supplements B Banned substances and unbanned substances C Anabolic supplements and synthetic supplements D Health supplements and performance supplements Submit

Health supplements and performance supplements

Which of the following amino acids are referred to as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)? A Lysine, proline, and serine B Leucine, isoleucine, and valine C Cysteine, glutamine, and glycine D Methionine, arginine, and glycine

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine

What enzyme is responsible for most of the breakdown of ingested lipids into fatty acids? A Protease B Amylase C Lingual lipase D Lipoprotein lipase Submit

Lipoprotein lipase

The B vitamins have a primary role in what? Hydration Cancer prevention Muscle contraction Macronutrient metabolism

Macronutrient metabolism

Calcium is of principal importance for what? Clearing toxins Maintaining a strong immune system Nutrient absorption Maintaining strong bones

Maintaining strong bones

Compared to nonheme iron, heme iron is absorbed how? Equally Not at all Less efficiently More efficiently

More efficiently

What is the official term for a statement that maintains that a food has a specific nutritional property or provides a specific benefit? A Food claim B Nutrition fact C Nutrition claim D Food allegation Submit

Nutrition claimAmino acids

Which type of lipids are considered to be heart-healthy and associated with reduced inflammation? Omega-3 fatty acids Polyunsaturated fats Monounsaturated fats Omega-6 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids

Amino acids

Organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group

Vitamins

Organic compounds required in small quantities to support growth and metabolic processes

What reference value is used on labels in the United Kingdom and the European Union, but not in the United States? A Glycemic index B Total energy intake C Percent reference intake (% RI) D Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) Submit

Percent reference intake (% RI)

Which of the following statements is true about proprietary blends? Proprietary blends never contain efficacious doses of ingredients. Proprietary blends should typically be avoided, as the precise amount of each ingredient is not disclosed. Proprietary blends are featured on all supplements. Proprietary blends are used by companies so they can add illegal ingredients.

Proprietary blends should typically be avoided, as the precise amount of each ingredient is not disclosed.

Which of the following is the best source for reviewing information about dietary supplements? A fitness magazine A professional athlete The supplement company's website PubMed

PubMed

What are the two categories of fiber? A Complex and simple B Soluble and insoluble C Complete and incomplete D Essential and nonessential

Soluble and insoluble

Which of the following hydration options would be most appropriate for exercise lasting over 90 minutes, or shorter-duration exercise in warm temperatures with heavy perspiration? Water mixed with fruit juice Fruit juice Plain water Sports drink or electrolyte tablets mixed with water

Sports drink or electrolyte tablets mixed with water

Triglycerides

The chemical substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body

Which law of thermodynamics states that energy in a system cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one form to another? A The first law of thermodynamics B The second law of thermodynamics C The third law of thermodynamics D The fourth law of thermodynamics Submit

The first law of thermodynamics

Biologically active

The form of a vitamin that can exert its effect within the body

What is meant by the term tolerable upper limit (UL)? The amount recommended for the average person to take The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect The same as daily value (DV) The amount of a specific nutrient in a single serving

The greatest quantity of a vitamin or mineral that may be consumed in a day without risk of an adverse health effect

For most consumers, which of the following are the two most informative features of a food label? A Total fat and cholesterol B Saturated fat and trans fat C Dietary fiber and total sugars D The nutrition facts label and the ingredients list Submit

The nutrition facts label and the ingredients list

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrate; single sugar molecules

What is glycogen? The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans The enzyme that promotes carbohydrate breakdown in humans The storage form of carbohydrate in plants The enzyme that promotes carbohydrate storage in humans and animals

The storage form of carbohydrate in animals and humans

Starch

The storage form of carbohydrate in plants

Which governmental agency regulates dietary supplements in Australia? Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Health Canada

Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)

Disaccharides

Two monosaccharides joined together to form a simple sugar

Which food would be classified as a high biological value protein source? Lentils Whole eggs Beans Peas

Whole eggs

Pellagra

A disease caused by niacin or tryptophan deficiency that can lead to a rash, digestive disorders, and mood or cognitive decline

Beriberi

A disease caused by thiamine deficiency that can result in heart and nerve inflammation or degeneration, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired motor function

Scurvy

A disease caused by vitamin C deficiency that can lead to anemia, joint weakness, swelling, and tooth loss

Sterols

A group of fats with a ringlike structure

Which of the following is required for fat loss? A Low-fat foods B Low-calorie foods C High-intensity exercise D A net deficit in caloric intake Submit

A net deficit in caloric intake

Hypertonic

A solution with a higher solute load/concentration than body fluids

Hypotonic

A solution with a lower solute load/concentration than body fluids

Isotonic

A solution with a solute load/concentration similar to that of body fluids

Anemia

A term often used to refer to the condition of insufficient iron in the body that can result in fatigue and shortness of breath

Phospholipids

A type of fat comprised of glycerol, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group

Unsaturated fats

A type of fat that has at least one "double bond" in its chemical structure

Saturated fats

A type of fat which has no double bonds in its chemical structure

What is the optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet? A Less than 2:1 B About 4:1 C 10:1 D 20:1 Submit

About 4:1

What term is used to describe metabolic adaptations and changes in energy expenditure as a result of changes in energy intake? A Thermic effect of food B Adaptive thermogenesis C Exercise activity thermogenesis D Nonexercise activity thermogenesis Submit

Adaptive thermogenesis

How much fluid is recommended for rehydration after an intense training session or event? 1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity 2 to 3 liters of fluid Twice the amount of body weight lost during the activity 12 to 15 ounces of fluid

1.25 times the amount of body weight lost during the activity

Protein

1.6 to 2.2 g/kg of body weight

Regarding human nutrition, how many of the 20 relevant amino acids are considered nonessential amino acids? A 5 B 9 C 11 D 15

11

When did modern-day nutritional supplements originate? A 1920s B 1940s C 1960s D 1980s Submit

1940s

Fat

20 to 35% of total calories

What is the optimal amount of protein per meal for muscle protein synthesis? 15 to 20 g 60 to 70 g 30 to 50 g 20 to 40 g

20 to 40 g

How many calories are in 1 gram of protein? 6 2 4 9

4

Carbohydrate

4 to 7 g/kg of body weight

For what is vitamin D most important? Bone health Hair growth Skin pigmentation Eyesight

Bone health

In which of the following pairs are both foods considered to be allergens? Dairy and shellfish Soy and aspartame Gluten and corn Peas and peanuts

Dairy and shellfish

Which of the following is the best example of a complete protein source? Dairy foods Legumes Grains Beans

Dairy foods

A client who is training with you to improve his body composition states that he only sleeps 4 or 5 hours a night because he thinks that any more is a waste of time. How might you respond to him in view of his body composition goals? Explain that 4 or 5 hours may not be enough for his requirements and that he should aim for 6 to 7 hours per day. Explain that as long as he spends the extra hours engaged in physical activity, he should be able to meet his body composition goals. Explain that adequate sleep is important in regulating hunger and satiety hormones, and that chronic sleep deprivation is detrimental for weight management. Express understanding that he has a busy schedule and that sleep may not be a priority, and explain that this should not affect his body composition goals, as sleep and weight are unrelated.

Explain that adequate sleep is important in regulating hunger and satiety hormones, and that chronic sleep deprivation is detrimental for weight management.

A client reports that he was recently told by his doctor that he has high blood sugar and that he should try to reduce it through dietary changes before considering medication. He asks you for advice. What would be the most appropriate course of action? Agree to review his diet and provide him with specific dietary guidelines on what foods to eat and what to avoid. Give him a diabetic meal plan that you find on the internet. Say that you cannot help him because this is a medical issue, and tell him he needs to follow up with his doctor again. Explain that medical nutrition therapy is outside your scope of practice, then refer him to a registered dietitian for nutrition counseling.

Explain that medical nutrition therapy is outside your scope of practice, then refer him to a registered dietitian for nutrition counseling.

Minerals

Inorganic, natural substances, some of which are essential in human nutrition

Which vitamin is the most transient? Vitamin E Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin C

Vitamin C

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin? A Vitamin C B Vitamin K C Vitamin B6 D Vitamin B12 Submit

Vitamin K