Ch. 9 Review

The tympanic membrane vibrates to frequencies between

20-20,000 Hz.

list 6 basic steps of hearing in order

4,3,5,2,6,1 1. information about the region and intensity of stiulation is relayed to the CNS 2. the pressure waves distort the basilar membrane on the way to round window of the tympanic duct 3.movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the auditory ossicles 4. sound waves strike tympanic membrane 5. vibrations of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure waves in perilymph of the scala vestibuli 6. movement of the basilar membrane causes vibrations of hair cells against the tectorial membrane

Which of the following receptors play a major role in regulating cardiac function and blood pressure?

Barroreceptors

What type of receptors sends afferent fibers from the cartoid and aortic bodies to the respiratory centers in the CNS?

Chemoreceptors

________ deafness results from conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.

Conduction

which condition might be discovered using pressure detection?

Glaucoma

the axons of olfactory receptors form bundles that are part of which cranial nerve ?

N I

Which of the following concerning olfaction is true?

Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons.

Your grandmother who lives in an assisted living facility is always complaining about how bad the food is. You eat there with her often and find the food to be cooked well and interesting, even though the food is not what you would really prefer. What is the most reasonable explanation for this?

She has fewer gustatory cells in her taste bud receptors.

Which statement regarding sensory reception is correct?

The CNS interprets the nature of sensory information entirely on the basis of the area of the brain stimulated.

Your young child has a middle ear infection: otitis media. There is a build-up of fluid, bacteria, and white blood cells, or pus, inside of the middle ear chamber. Why has this affected the child's hearing?

The auditory ossicles cannot vibrate freely.

Changing the shape of the lens to keep the focal length constant is a process called

accommodation.

where does the external acoustic meatus end?

at the tympanic membrane

Receptors in the ________ provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration.

auditory ossicles

Sensory receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called

baroreceptors

which of the following cells are regenerative stem cells found in olfactory epithelium ?

basal cells

Humans are most sensitive to which taste?

bitter

Neurons in the respiratory centers of the brain that respond to pH are examples of

chemoreceptors

Olfactory receptors are examples of

chemoreceptors.

which part of the eye has no blood supply?

cornea

The intensity of vibrations is measured in

decibels

Proprioceptors

do not adapt to constant stimulation.

profound emotional and behavioral responses result from certain smells due to which characteristic of the olfactory pathway?

extensive limbic and hypothalamic connections

Temperature senses use two types of

free nerve endings.

the receptors of the internal ear responsible for the detection of sound are termed

hair cells

Nociceptors

have large receptive fields.

You notice that your father holds his book farther from his face than he used to. Since you are taking an anatomy and physiology course, you realize that this is due to

his lens being unable to accommodate for close objects.

which of the following is a sign of disturbance in proprioception?

inability to touch your nouse with eyes closed

from the cochlear nuclei, auditory information ascends to which of the following structures ?

inferior colliculus

an individual lacking otoliths might find it difficult to

maintain their balance

the eyelids are connected at the

medial and lateral canthus

sensory gustatory afferents of cranial nerves VII, IX, and X synapse within a nucleus in which of the following structures?

medulla oblongata

each gustatory cell extends which of the following structures into the surrounding fluid?

microvili (taste hairs)

what condition might be a sign of vitamin A deficiency?

night blindness

olfactory reception occurs as dissolved chemicals react with what structures on the surface of dendrites?

odorant-binding proteins

lack of photoreceptors in this area results in a blind spot.

optic disc

Temperature sensations are relayed along the same pathways that carry sensations of

pain.

The conscious awareness of a sensation is called

perception.

The movement of the stapes at the oval window establishes pressure waves in the

perilymph of the scala vestibuli.

__________ flows between the bony and membranous labyrinths, whereas ___________ is found in the tubes that follow the contours of the bony labyrinths.

perilymph; endolymph

where are water receptors mainly located?

pharynx

The daily day/night cycle known as a circadian rhythm involves the

pineal gland.

There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to a different color wavelength of light. These cones are designated

red, blue, and green.

What term is used to describe sensations of visceral organs felt at the body surface?

referred pain

The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called

referred pain.

The frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the

region of the basilar membrane of the spiral organ that is stimulated.

lens shape affects focal distance, the rounder the lens, the _______ the focal distance.

shorter

touch receptors of the fingertips have __________ receptive fields, and thus provide ____________ information regarding the location of a stimulus.

small ; precise

Taste receptors are

specialized epithelial cells.

Which of the following is a primary taste sensation?

sweet

Lamellated corpuscles (Pacinian corpuscles) are

tactile receptors.

Ruffini corpuscles are examples of

tactile receptors.

Gustation refers to the special sense of

taste.

what important step must occur before an odorant can stimulate olfactory receptors?

the odorant must be diffused into mucus

Which of the following arrives at the primary sensory cortex?

touch sensations

sensory afferents in which cranial nerve carry information regarding food texture, as well as sensations such as "peppery" or "spicy hot"?

trigeminal (N V)

sound energy is converted into mechanical movements at the

tympanic membrane

Sound energy is converted into mechanical movements by the

tympanic membrane.

receptors in the ___________ provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration.

vestibule

which of the following is not a primary taste sensation?

water