ch10 health

_____ is a psychological technique for the management of pain and can be thought of as an operant learning process.

Biofeedback

_____ are unmyelinated nerve fibers, involved in polymodal pain, that transmit dull, aching pain.

C-fibers

_____ pain varies in severity, persists for six months or longer, and is relatively unresponsive to treatment.

Chronic benign

_____ is a psychological pain management technique in which a patient turns his or her attention away from pain by focusing attention on an irrelevant and attention-getting stimulus.

Distraction

_____ is a functional pain disorder in which there is no clear tissue damage present.

Fibromyalgia

_____ is a personality attribute that is associated with chronic pain.

Introversion

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using morphine as a painkiller?

It can be addictive, and patients may build up a tolerance to it.

Which of the following statements best describes recurrent acute pain?

It involves intermittent episodes of pain that are acute in character but chronic inasmuch as the condition repeats for more than six months.

Which of the following is an important feature of chronic pain?

It typically begins with an acute pain episode.

_____ is a pain perception that results from a physical damage to the tissues of the body.

Mechanical nociception

Which of the following is a difference between acute pain and chronic pain?

Most pain control techniques work well to control acute pain, but are less successful with chronic pain

_____, such as distortions in posture or gait, facial and audible expressions of distress, and avoidance of activities, arise from chronic pain.

Pain behaviors

_____ means that a patient no longer feels anything in an area of the body that once hurt.

Pain control

Which of the following statements is true about chronic pain?

Patients with chronic pain disorders show significant loss of gray matter in certain regions of the brain.

_____ refers to pain that triggers chemical reactions from tissue damage.

Polymodal nociception

_____ pain is due to an unidentifiable physical cause.

Psychogenic

_____ is defined as a disorder in which the small arteries in the extremities constrict, limiting blood flow and producing a cold, numb aching.

Raynaud's disease

Which of the following statements is true of A-delta fibers?

Sensory aspects of pain are heavily determined by activity in the A-delta fibers.

Which of the following is a similarity between physical pain and social pain?

Social pain relies on the same pain-related neurocircuitry as physical pain.

_____ is a pain control technique that completely eliminates the feeling of pain.

Spinal block

_____ is a sensory technique of inhibiting pain where a set of small electrodes is placed near the point at which the nerve fibers from the painful area enter the spinal cord. When the patient experiences pain, he or she activates a radio signal, which delivers a mild electrical stimulus to that area of the spine.

Spinal cord stimulation

Identify a true statement about pain.

The degree to which pain is felt and how incapacitating it is largely depends on how it is interpreted.

Why are endogenous opioid peptides important to our body?

They are the natural pain suppression system of the body.

A-delta fibers

are small, myelinated fibers.

How does compensation provide an incentive for being in pain?

by increasing the perceived severity of pain

Cancer and rheumatoid arthritis are degenerative disorders that are typically associated with

chronic progressive pain.

Which of the following methods is one of the oldest known techniques of pain control?

counterirritation

Unlike acute pain, chronic pain does not

decrease with treatment and the passage of time.

Which of the following is a barrier to the treatment of pain?

difficulty faced by patients in objectively describing pain

Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be displayed by patients suffering from chronic pain?

discomfort because of bright lights

Jay fractured his left leg while playing football and now suffers from chronic postsurgical pain. His doctor recommended a psychological technique for pain management. Now, whenever Jay experiences pain, he listens to his favorite music while trying out new recipes. This helps him deal more effectively with the pain and also helps in reducing the intensity of pain. Which of the following techniques is Jay using to control his pain?

distraction

The scientific understanding of pain was originally developed by Melzack in the _____ theory of pain.

gate-control

According to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which of the following is commonly referred to as the neurotic triad?

hypochondriasis, hysteria, and depression

Which of the following is the most common reason for euthanasia?

inadequate relief from pain

Which of the following is a reason for chronic pain to get exacerbated?

inappropriate prior treatments

For a medical provider, pain

is a by-product of a disorder, and it complicates diagnosis.

Typically, chronic progressive pain

is associated with degenerative disorders, involves constant pain that increases in severity over time, and lasts longer than six months.

Distraction is most effective in coping with

low-level pain.

The periductal gray is a structure in the _____ that provides pain relief when stimulated.

midbrain

Which of the following features is a component of pain management programs?

patient education

Migraine headache is an example of _____ pain.

recurrent acute

Temporomandibular disorder and trigeminal neuralgia are examples of _____ pain.

recurrent acute

Which of the following is a goal of an individualized pain management program?

reducing perception of disability

In _____, an individual shifts his or her body into a state of low arousal by progressively loosening different parts of the body.

relaxation

Typically, acute pain

results from a specific injury that produces tissue damage.

When acute anxiety reduces sensitivity to pain, it is known as

stress-induced analgesia.

C-fibers

strongly influence the affective and motivational elements of pain.

Neurons in the periductal gray connect to the reticular formation in the medulla which makes connections with the neurons in the _____ of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

substantia gelatinosa

Athletes who continue to play, despite being injured, experience a reduction in pain sensitivity because of increased

sympathetic arousal.