CH102 Exam 4
A DNA strand has the sequence 5'-GACTGA-3'. What would be the sequence of its complementary strand
3'-CTGACT-5'
How many oxygen molecules can one complete hemoglobin protein bind
4
One strand of DNA molecule advances in the 3'-->5' direction. In what direction does its complementary strand advance
5'-->3'
A DNA strand has the sequence 3'-CGATCA-5'. What would be the sequence of the mRNA molecule produced
5'-GCUAGU-3'
What protein is an oxygen transport protein found in red blood cells
hemoglobin
The properties of amino acids and the proteins they compose are based on the nature of their side chain group. Which term best classifies the side chain of the amino acid phenylalanine
nonpolar, hydrophobic
When a protein undergoes hydrolysis, which of the following things occur
peptide bonds are broken, and individual amino acids are released
Which of the following represents the backbone structure of a DNA polymer
phosphate-sugar (deoxyribose)
What type of bond connects the phosphate group to the sugar in a nucleotide
phosphoester bond
What level of protein structure is described by the binding of several peptides to produce a functional protein
quaternary
What level(s) of protein structure is/are created in part by disulfide bridges
tertiary
The diagram below shows the energy pathway of an uncatalyzed reaction. How does the energy diagram change when an enzyme is used in the same reaction
the activation energy decreases
What portion of an enzyme is in direct contact with the substrate
the active site
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Which of the following statements concerning amino acids is FALSE
the amino acid that make up human proteins are called essential amino acids
What mechanism of DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative. Which of the following best describes what this term indicates with respect to DNA replication
The daughter DNA strands produced in DNA replicatoin each contain one strand of the original parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand
Which amino acid has a methyl group as its R group
alanine
What is the most common type of secondary structure in a protein
alpha helix
What are the two most common types of secondary structure found in proteins
alpha helix and beta pleated sheets
Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide
amino acid
What determines the primary structure of a protein
amino acid sequence of the chain
Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE
The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a cofactor
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. Which of the following correctly represents a nucleotide that may be found in nucleic acids
clycopentane with phosphate off 4th carbon and a pent+hex nirtogens off carbon 1
Some enzymes require an additional nonprotein prosthetic group in order to function. What is the nonprotein part of this combination called
cofactor
Of the following types of molecular interactions, which is NOT likely to be involved in the binding of an enzyme to a substrate
covalent linkages
What type of mutation results in the loss of one or more nucleotides from a DNA sequence
deletion
At extremes of pH, en enzyme will loose its biologically active conformation. What term describes the state of the enzyme under these conditions
denatured
What is the term fro the state of a protein when its organized structure has become completely disorganized
denatured
Which of the following is a medical use of enzymes
enzyme assays to diagnose damage or disease to a particular organ or tissues, analytical reagents in the clinic laboratory, enzyme replacement therapy for missing or malfunctioning enzymes
Which if the following kinds of proteins are biochemical catalysts
enzymes
Which of the following properly represents the dipeptide with the primary structure Ala-Cys
H3N(+)-CH(CH3)C(O)NH-CH(CH2SH)COO-
Proteins are long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Which of the following properly depicts the peptide formed between two generic amino acids
H3N(+)-CH(R)CONHCH(R)COO-
Proteolytic digestive enzymes are often produced in an inactive form. What is the name that refers to the inactive form of an enzyme
Proenzyme
Which statement is FALSE concerning the RNA structure
RNA and DNA are approximately the same size
What are the two functional groups characterize the amino acids found in human proteins
a carboxylate and an amino group
Which of the following is NOT a class of enzymes
carnases
To which class of enzymes does an enzyme belong if it catalyzes the rearrangement of functional groups within a molecule
isomerases
What is meant by the "quaternary structure" of a protein
it describes the association of two or more polypeptide chains to form one functioning protein unit
What is meant by the "tertiary structure" of a protein
it describes the overall three dimensional shape of a protein
Which of the following statements concerning sickle cell anemia is FALSE
the presence of sickle cell trait is related to an increase in resistance to diabetes
Which statement concerning the double helix structure of DNA is FALSE
the two strands of the double helix are called parallel strands
What changes occur in the structure of a protein molecule when it becomes denatured
there is a change in both the secondary and tertiary structures
Which of the following is NOT a base common to both DNA and RNA
thymine
Which term describes the process by which a single strand of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule
transcription
Which type of RNA carries the needed amino acids to the ribosomes for use in protein synthesis
transfer RNA
Which nitrogenous base is normally found in RNA, but not in DNA
uracil
Which of the following best describes the type of binding between an irreversible inhibitor and an enzyme
very tight
