CH102 Exam 4

A DNA strand has the sequence 5'-GACTGA-3'. What would be the sequence of its complementary strand

3'-CTGACT-5'

How many oxygen molecules can one complete hemoglobin protein bind

4

One strand of DNA molecule advances in the 3'-->5' direction. In what direction does its complementary strand advance

5'-->3'

A DNA strand has the sequence 3'-CGATCA-5'. What would be the sequence of the mRNA molecule produced

5'-GCUAGU-3'

What protein is an oxygen transport protein found in red blood cells

hemoglobin

The properties of amino acids and the proteins they compose are based on the nature of their side chain group. Which term best classifies the side chain of the amino acid phenylalanine

nonpolar, hydrophobic

When a protein undergoes hydrolysis, which of the following things occur

peptide bonds are broken, and individual amino acids are released

Which of the following represents the backbone structure of a DNA polymer

phosphate-sugar (deoxyribose)

What type of bond connects the phosphate group to the sugar in a nucleotide

phosphoester bond

What level of protein structure is described by the binding of several peptides to produce a functional protein

quaternary

What level(s) of protein structure is/are created in part by disulfide bridges

tertiary

The diagram below shows the energy pathway of an uncatalyzed reaction. How does the energy diagram change when an enzyme is used in the same reaction

the activation energy decreases

What portion of an enzyme is in direct contact with the substrate

the active site

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Which of the following statements concerning amino acids is FALSE

the amino acid that make up human proteins are called essential amino acids

What mechanism of DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative. Which of the following best describes what this term indicates with respect to DNA replication

The daughter DNA strands produced in DNA replicatoin each contain one strand of the original parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand

Which amino acid has a methyl group as its R group

alanine

What is the most common type of secondary structure in a protein

alpha helix

What are the two most common types of secondary structure found in proteins

alpha helix and beta pleated sheets

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide

amino acid

What determines the primary structure of a protein

amino acid sequence of the chain

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE

The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a cofactor

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides. Which of the following correctly represents a nucleotide that may be found in nucleic acids

clycopentane with phosphate off 4th carbon and a pent+hex nirtogens off carbon 1

Some enzymes require an additional nonprotein prosthetic group in order to function. What is the nonprotein part of this combination called

cofactor

Of the following types of molecular interactions, which is NOT likely to be involved in the binding of an enzyme to a substrate

covalent linkages

What type of mutation results in the loss of one or more nucleotides from a DNA sequence

deletion

At extremes of pH, en enzyme will loose its biologically active conformation. What term describes the state of the enzyme under these conditions

denatured

What is the term fro the state of a protein when its organized structure has become completely disorganized

denatured

Which of the following is a medical use of enzymes

enzyme assays to diagnose damage or disease to a particular organ or tissues, analytical reagents in the clinic laboratory, enzyme replacement therapy for missing or malfunctioning enzymes

Which if the following kinds of proteins are biochemical catalysts

enzymes

Which of the following properly represents the dipeptide with the primary structure Ala-Cys

H3N(+)-CH(CH3)C(O)NH-CH(CH2SH)COO-

Proteins are long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds. Which of the following properly depicts the peptide formed between two generic amino acids

H3N(+)-CH(R)CONHCH(R)COO-

Proteolytic digestive enzymes are often produced in an inactive form. What is the name that refers to the inactive form of an enzyme

Proenzyme

Which statement is FALSE concerning the RNA structure

RNA and DNA are approximately the same size

What are the two functional groups characterize the amino acids found in human proteins

a carboxylate and an amino group

Which of the following is NOT a class of enzymes

carnases

To which class of enzymes does an enzyme belong if it catalyzes the rearrangement of functional groups within a molecule

isomerases

What is meant by the "quaternary structure" of a protein

it describes the association of two or more polypeptide chains to form one functioning protein unit

What is meant by the "tertiary structure" of a protein

it describes the overall three dimensional shape of a protein

Which of the following statements concerning sickle cell anemia is FALSE

the presence of sickle cell trait is related to an increase in resistance to diabetes

Which statement concerning the double helix structure of DNA is FALSE

the two strands of the double helix are called parallel strands

What changes occur in the structure of a protein molecule when it becomes denatured

there is a change in both the secondary and tertiary structures

Which of the following is NOT a base common to both DNA and RNA

thymine

Which term describes the process by which a single strand of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule

transcription

Which type of RNA carries the needed amino acids to the ribosomes for use in protein synthesis

transfer RNA

Which nitrogenous base is normally found in RNA, but not in DNA

uracil

Which of the following best describes the type of binding between an irreversible inhibitor and an enzyme

very tight