Ch.11 Physics Quiz Review

The mass numbers of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. (a) How many protons and how many neutrons are in each isotope? (b) How many orbiting electrons does an atom of each have when the atoms are electrically neutral?

(a). Co-59=32 neutrons, C0-60=33 neutrons. They each have 27 protons. (b). 27 electrons

How many types of atoms can you expect to find in a pure sample of any element?

1

Discuss which contains more atoms: I kg of lead or 1 kg of aluminum.

1 kg of aluminum because it is less massive.

How many individual atoms are in a water molecule

3

How many atoms are in a molecule of sulfuric acid, H2SO4?

7

A hydrogen atom and a carbon atom move at the same speed. Which has the greater kinetic energy?

Carbon

A particular atom contains 29 electrons, 34 neutrons, and 29 protons. What is the identity of this element and what is its atomic number?

Copper and the atomic number is 29.

Which of the following elements would you predict to have properties most similar to those of silicon, aluminum, phosphorus, or geranium?

Germanium

Which of the following are pure elements: H2, H20, He, Na, NaCl, H2SO4, U?

H2, He, Na, and U.

In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas, both with the same average kinetic energy, which molecules move faster on average?

Hydrogen atoms

The atoms that make up your body are mostly empty space, and structures such as the chair you're sitting on are composed of atoms that are also mostly empty space. So why don't you fall through the chair?

It is the electrical repulsion between the atoms in the chair and your body that prevents this.

What is the cause of the Brownian motion of dust and other small particles? Why aren't larger objects, such as baseballs, similar affected?

It is the vibration of the unseen atoms that cause the movement of the dust particles. Impulse is the same on the baseball and dust particles but more massive objects are moved less easily.

If 2 protons and 2 neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?

It would have 6 protons, and its mass would equal 12 which makes it a carbon atom.

What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?

Its atomic number decreases to 86 and it becomes a radon atom.

You could swallow a capsule of germanium without ill effects. But, if a proton were added to each of the germanium nuclei, you would not want to swallow the capsule. Why?

Its atomic number would increase by one causing it to become arsenic which is rat poison.

What element results if you add a pair of protons to the nucleus of mercury?

Lead (82)

Helium is an inert gas, which means that it doesn't readily combine with other elements. What five other elements would you also expect to be inert gases?

Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon because they are noble gases. (Noble gases have full shells, so they are not reactive).

If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor?

No

Your friend says that what makes one element distinct from another is the number of electrons around the nucleus. Do you agree?

Partially because in a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. But, it is truly the number of protons that determine the type of element.

Which contributes more to an atom's mass; electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size?

Protons contribute more to the mass of an atom, and electrons contribute more to the size.

A carbon atom, with a half-full outer shell of electrons-four in a shell that can hold eight-readily shares its electrons with other atoms and forms a vast number of molecules, many of which are the organic molecules that form the bulk of living matter. Looking at the periodic table, what other element do you think might play a role like carbon in life forms on some other planet?

Silicon or Germanium

A cat strolls across your backyard. An hour later, a dog with his nose to the ground follows the trail of the cat. Discuss this occurrence from a molecular point of view.

Some molecules from the cat mix into the surroundings when it is walking through the backyard. Because of these molecules, the dog feels the presence of the cat.

When a container of gas is heated, would you expect its molecules to speed up, slow down, or be unaffected?

Speed up

The average speed of a perfume-vapor molecule at room temperature may be about 300 m/s, but you'll find the speed at which the scent travels across the room is much less. Why?

The velocity is not constant.

Where were the atoms that make up a newborn infant "manufactured"?

They were manufactured in the universe.

To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron?

gain an electron

To become a positive ion, does an atom gain or lose an electron?

loses an electron

Which of the following is not an element: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen or water?

water