CH.11 Review Questions

True or False: Platelets are multinucleated cells that function in blood clotting.

False

________________ is the general term that means the cessation or stoppage of bleeding.

Hemostasis

The process of _______________ requires three major events: vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.

Homeostasis

The process that control the cessation of bleeding are part of __________.

Homeostasis

Select all of the blood disorders that increase in frequency with age.

Leukemia Pernicious anemia Thromboembolism

Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are all classified in which group of cells?

Leukocytes

Which of the following white blood cell abnormalities is paired with its correct description?

Leukopenia - low white blood cell count

Match the following examples with the correct blood function category: Transport Defense Regulation

Movement of nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body. Killing and removal of pathogens as well as old/dying body cells. Maintaining pH and osmotic pressure.

Granular leukocytes circulating in blood include basophils, _____________ and _____________.

Neutrophils Eosinophils

Select all of the blood disorders that increase in frequency with age.

Pernicious anemia Leukemia Thromboembolism

Which of the following is NOT a formed element of the blood?

Plasma

What is the main function of platelets?

Platelets contribute to homeostasis.

What is the primary function of leukocytes?

Protect against disease

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, develop from the stem cells in the ____________ bone marrow.

Red

The most common type of blood typing test is based on the presence or absence of which erythrocyte-bound antigens?

A antigens and B antigens

AB blood has the antigens __________ and __________ on the red blood cells and __________ of these antibodies in the plasma.

A, B, neither

What is the clumping of red blood cells following a transfusion reaction called?

Agglutination

________________ is the clumping of red blood cells when testing blood compatibility or resulting from a transfusion reaction.

Agglutination

Which of the following substances are components of plasma?

Antibodies Water Ions Hormones Enzymes

A thrombosis is a blot clot that forms in an undamaged blood vessel. If a clot breaks free from the thrombus, travels, and then lodges in an artery, it is a(n)_____________.

thromboembolus

A thrombosis is a blot clot that forms in an undamaged blood vessel. If a clot breaks free from the thrombus, travels, and then lodges in an artery, it is called a(n) ____.

thromboembolus

Granulocytes and agranulocytes are ______.

types of leukocytes

B lymphocytes produce ______________, and T lymphocytes attack and _____________ pathogens.

antibodies, destroy

The process of coagulation results in the formation of a ______.

blood clot

The process of coagulation results in the formation of a ______________.

blood clot

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs in which situation?

c. Rh- mother, Rh+ father, Rh+ fetus

What determines blood type?

The presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of RBCs

Which of the following are characteristics of mature erythrocytes (red blood cells)?

They are biconcave disks They are specialized for carrying oxygen

Which of the following are TRUE about leukocytes?

They develop from stem cells. Unstained cells are translucent. They develop in the red bone marrow.

Plasma consists of over 90% _______________.

Water

________________ blood cells, or leukocytes, primarily function to protect the body against disease.

White

Which of the following are defense mechanisms of the blood?

d. All of the above are defense mechanisms of blood.

Which vitamin is necessary to form prothrombin?

d. K

200 millions molecules in one red blood cell

d. hemoglobin

The parent cell that fragments to form thrombocytes is called a:

d. megakaryocyte.

When a blood clot occurs, fibrinogens has been converted to ____________ threads.

fibrin

Leukocytes can be divided into ______.

granulocytes and agranulocytes

The most common granular leukocyte is the _____________, a phagocytic white blood cell.

neutrophil

Human red blood cells lack a ______________ and only live about ___________ days.

nucleus, 120

Red blood cells carry _____________, and white blood cells ____________.

oxygen and carbon dioxide, function in defense

Hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen is called ________________.

oxyhemoglobin

The liquid part of blood is called _____________.

plasma

If the Rh antigen is present on the red blood cell membrane, the blood is said to be Rh

positive or +

Just under 45% of blood volume

a. hematocrit

Which of the following transfusions would most likely be safe to administer?

c. type B blood to a type AB recipient.

Match the blood disorders associated with aging to their descriptions. Pernicious anemia Iron deficiency anemia Leukemia

red blood cell deficiency caused by lack of vitamin B12 red blood cell deficiency caused by undetectable bleeding cancer involving white blood cells

Another name for a platelet is

thrombocyte

Elderly people often have poor appetites and don't eat well. How can this cause anemia?

Because of a poor diet, elderly may have protein, iron, or vitamin B12 deficiency. Any or all of these will cause anemia because all three are necessary for red blood cell production.

Leukocytes that contain obvious granules in their cytoplasm are called _______________ leukocytes.

Granulocytes or Granular

Leukocytes can be divided into ______________.

Granulocytes or agranulocytes

Which of the following characteristics is TRUE of leukocytes but NOT of erythrocytes?

Have nuclei

Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur when the mother is ____________ and the father is _______________.

Rh negative, Rh positive

A person with Rh antigens present on the surface of their red blood cells would be classified as ______.

Rh positive

Which of the following statements represent accurate differences between red blood cells and white blood cells.

White blood cells have nuclei while mature red blood cells do not. Some white blood cells are capable of leaving the blood vessels while red blood cells can not.

Which of the following statements represent accurate differences between red blood cells and white blood cells?

White blood cells have nuclei while mature red blood cells do not. Some white blood cells are capable of leaving the blood vessels while red blood cells can not.

Which of the following correctly describes type AB Blood?

b. A antigen and B antigen on the red cell membrane, no antibodies in plasma.

Granular white blood cells include all of the following except:

b. macrophages

4 and 6 million per cubic millimeter i males.

b. red blood cell count

How does blood regulate body temperature? osmotic pressure? body pH?

by ab sorbing body heat from muscles and transporting it around the body, by maintaining salt-water and protein balance, by buffering acids and bases.

Choose the correct sequence for hemostasis ( first step to last):

c. vascular spasm--> platelet plug formation--> coagulation

5,000 to 11,000 per cubic millimeter

c. white blood cell count

Which of the following is/are bile pigments?

d. b and c (biliverdin and bilirubin)

Red blood cells are also known as _________________.

erythrocytes or erythrocyte

The processes that control the cessation of bleeding are part of ______.

hemostasis

The processes that control the cessation of bleeding are part of ____________.

hemostasis

Another name for a platelet is _________________.

thrombocyte

Identify the formed elements of the blood:

White blood cells Platelets Red blood cells

List the three events of hemostasis in the correct sequence.

1. Vascular spasm 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Coagulation

Which of the following disorders of the blood are correctly described? (Select all that apply)

Cerebrovascular accident = A thromboembolism in the cerebrum Thrombocytopenia = Condition of very low platelets where spontaneous bleeding cannot be prevented

Which of the following disorders of the blood are correctly described?

Cerebrovascular accident = A thromboembolism in the cerebrum Thrombocytopenia = Condition of very low platelets where spontaneous bleeding cannot be prevented.

The most effective homeostatic mechanism is the formation of a blood clot by the process called ________________.

Coagulation

Functions of the blood include all of the following except:

Creation of body heat

The correct anatomical term for a white blood cell is _________________.

Leukocyte or Leukocytes

Select all of the conditions that involve an abnormal white blood cell count.

Leukocytosis Leukopenia Leukemia

Which two types of leukocytes are agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes Monoctyes

Imagine you have just donated a pint of blood at a blood drive in your community. Describe how your body would replace the donated blood?

The fluid would be replaced by the actions of ADH and aldosterone. The kidneys would produce erythropoietin, which would stimulate the red bone marrow to produce erythrocytes.

What are the three types of formed elements found in blood? Describe where each would be found in a centrifuge tube containing a blood sample?

The formed elements are red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). In the test tube, the three layers are plasma layer, buffy coat (containing both leukocytes and thrombocytes), and erythrocytes layer.

Granulocytes and agranulocytes are _______________.

Types of leukocytes.

The formed elements of blood include ______.

white blood cells red blood cells platelets