MLT ASCP CAT 1

Increased number of (what kind of WBC) in patients with chronic metabolic conditions, such as diabetes.

Basophil

The phenotype on patient's RBC is C antigen positive, E antigen negative, K antigen positive. How many units of ABO compatible packed RBCs will you pull from the shelf for phenotyping? C positive: 68% E positive 22% K positive 9%

1 unit The patient is only capable of producing antibodies against E antigen, you need to provide E negative blood; C and K can be ignored. E negative is 78% (1/0.78)=1.3 compatible units should be pulled.

Normal serum kappa/lambda ratio:

2:1 A ratio outside 2:1 indicate monoclonal gammopathies

All of the following will cause a falsely decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate except: A. ESR tube is slanted B. EDTA tube is clotted C. EDTA tube is one-third full D. EDTA specimen is 24 hours oldd

A. ESR tube is slanted All others can give a falsely decreased ESR result.

In traditional culture or antigen detection methods, the sensitivity of detection is adversely affected by which of the following? A. Fastidious growth requirements B. Large numbers of organisms C. Delay in transport D. Specialized media requirements

A. Fastidious growth requirements C. Delay in transport D. Specialized media requirements

Which of the following statement is true regarding cardiovascular disease and adipose tissue? A. Inflmmatory cytokines, synthesized and released by adipose tissue, contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. B. Increased synthesis and secretion of PAI-1 in metabolic syndrome contributes to cardiovascular disease by increasing blood pressure. C. Obesity in metabolic syndrome contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease by increased synthesis and secretion of adiponectin

A. Inflmmatory cytokines, synthesized and released by adipose tissue, contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. dipose tissue secretes a large number of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Adipokines modulate inflammation and insulin resistance. The expression of pro-inflammatory adipokines is enhanced with obesity, which induces insulin resistance. the increase in inflammatory cytokines and the abnormal lipids and lipid levels often present in metabolic syndrome increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

An assessment of M:E ratio is part of every bone marrow evaluation. Select choices below that apply to M:E ratio. A. They erythroid tally/total use in calculating the M:E ratio is the sum of all the nucleated RBC precursors. B. The myeloid tally/total used in calculating the M:E ratio is the sum of all non-RBC types found in the marrow. C. WBC used in the myeloid tally/total use to calculate the M:E ratio include neutrophil precursors and basophil precursors D. Lymphocyes and monocytes/histocytes are not counted in the evaluation of the M:E ratio E. The M:E ratio should always be interpreted in context with the overall bone marrow cellularity

A. They erythroid tally/total use in calculating the M:E ratio is the sum of all the nucleated RBC precursors. C. WBC used in the myeloid tally/total use to calculate the M:E ratio include neutrophil precursors and basophil precursors D. Lymphocyes and monocytes/histocytes are not counted in the evaluation of the M:E ratio E. The M:E ratio should always be interpreted in context with the overall bone marrow cellularity

Estriol levels in conunction with hCG, inhibiin A, (inhA), amd alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can be obtained during pregnancy to: A. assess the risk of Down's syndrome B. assess fetomaternal function C. assess for multiple geattions D. assess for maternal diabetes

A. assess the risk of Down's syndrome

Which of the following hormones does NOT increase plasma glucose concentration by converting glycogen to glucose? A. cortisol B. glucagon C. epinephrine D. all of the above

A. cortisol

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that results in elevated urinary levels of all the following except: A. cortisol B. free catecholamines C. metanephrines D. vanillylmandelic acid

A. cortisol Pheochromoytoma is an adrenal or extradrenal neoplasm that secretes catecholamines. Patients with pheochromocytoma often exhibit persistent and paroxysmal hypertension.

Site of active hematopoiesis in the adult are: A. skull B. sternum C. scapula D. pelvis

A. skull B. sternum C. scapula D. pelvis

A monoclonal B cell population (Kappa or Lambda predominant) with expression of CD19, CD20, CD23, and co-expression of CD4 is consistent with? A. a normal B cell B. CLL C. mantle cell lymphoma a mature T cell

B. CLL CD 19 is normally found on normal B cell population and CD5 is normally found on mature T cell populations. However, CD 5 is present on B cells in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia or mantle celllymphoma. CD23 expression is not consistent with Mantel cells.

Which of the following observations would best explain why a peripheral blood smear is exhibiting polychromasia: A. lower RBC count B. increased reticulocytes count C. decreased hematocrit D. increased hemoglobin concentration

B. increased reticulocytes count

Which one of the following genes INITIATE synthesis of DNA, promote cell division, and inhibit cell death? A. tumor suppressor genes B. proto-oncogenes C. oncogenes

B. proto-oncogenes Proto-oncogenes promote cell growth and when mutated become oncogenes. Then uncontrolled cell growth occurs. Tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell growth.

Cholesterol is used by the body for which of the following: A. Carrying dietary triglycerides to the cells through the blood B. Maintaining acid-base balance C. Precursor of hormone synthesis D. Major source of fuel for the body

C. Precursor of hormone synthesis

Which one of the following types of transfusion reactions caused the highest number of transfusion-related fatalities that were reported to the FDA from 2005-2009? A. Anaphylactic reactions B. Ferbrile non-hemolytic reactions C. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) Transfusion-association graft versus host disease (TA-GVHD)

C. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Which of the following might cause a false positive IAT? A. failure to adequately wash cells B. delay of addition of antiglobulin reagent C. overcentrifugation D. high concentration of IgG paraprotein in a patient's serum

C. overcentrifugation Overcentrigugation may cause either false negative or false positive. High concentration of IgG paraprotein, failure to adequately wash cells can leave unbound IgG which will neutralize antiglobulin reagent. Delay of addition of antiglobulin reagent may allow previoudly bound IgG to dissociate from RBC.

There are several different types of media that can be use in the electrophoresis. Most methods today use a gel - cellulose acetate, agarose, or polyacrylamide gel. Which one of the following statements is true regarding these gels? A. the compounds used to make cellulose acetate gels are carcinogenic B. polyacrylamide gel are composed of polysaccharides and acrylamids C. polyacrylamide gel have the greatest resolution or separation of solutes D. cellulose acetate and agarose gels are the more commonly used gels

C. polyacrylamide gel have the greatest resolution or separation of solutes

Ocular and cutaneous albinism, increased susceptbility to pyogenic infections, abnormal granules in neutrophils, and a bleeding tendency are prominent finding in (WBC inclusion)

Chediak-Higashi anomaly

Match the name of dimorphic fungi with corresponding activity (Histoplaasmosis, Coccidioidormycosis, Sporotrichosis) 1. Practice dust control 2. Avoid roosting area of birds 3. Protect against thorn punctures

Coccidioidomycosis - Practice dust control Histoplaasmosis - Avoid roosting area of birds Sporotrichosis - Protect against thorn punctures

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends performing routine oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): A.On all individuals who are at increased risk for diabetes B. On all children under 5 years old C. On all pregnant patients D. None

D. None The ADA recommends regular screening for individuals who are at increased risk for diabetes. However, OGTT use is discouraged for routine use for these individuals unless blood glucose and HbA1c concentrations remain below diagnostic ranges for diabetes but patients display symptoms of diabetes.

The formula for oxidative/fermentative (OF) culture media, for the determination of glucose oxidizers, differs from carbohydrate fermentation media by each of the following properties except: A. Relative decrease in the protein concentration B. Relative increase in the carbohydrate concentration C. Relative decrease in the agar concentration D. Relative increase in salt concentration

D. Relative increase in salt concentration The concentration of protein is reduced in OF medium, and the relative amounts of carbohydrate is increased. This is done to maximize the production of acid from the increased amounts of carbohydrate and to reduce the amount of alkaline amines produced from the oxidation of the amino acids. The agar concentration is decreased so that any acid produced from the carbohydrate will have free access to the color indicator. The concentration of sodium chloride is equal in fermentative and OF media.

Which of the following statements about Rickettsia is false: A. they are obligate intracellular parasites B. they are GNR C. associated diseases are usually diagnosed by serology D. they are cultured in many hospital labs

D. they are cultured in many hospital labs Rickettsia can cause typus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rickettsialpox, and Q fever.

What is the antigen carried by most strains of Streptococcus anginosus?

F

An alpha-hemolytic streptococcus from a wound is resistant to optochin and bacitracin, grows in 6.5% NaCl broth, and PYR positive. The organism is most likely: A. Lancefield Group A B. Lancefield Group B C. Lancefield Group C D. Lancefield Group D E. Lancefield Group E F. Enterococcus

F. Enterococcus

Most likely discrepancy seen as "acquired B-like"?

Forward typing Ab, reverse A

Elizabethkingia is the new genus name for the bcterium formerly called Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, and important agent of neonatal mentingitis. What biochemical characteristic is unique for the family Flavobacteriaceae among the nonfermenters?

Indole production

Lewis antigen is a human blood group unlike most others. The antigen is produced and secreted by exocrine glands, eventually adsorbing to the surface of red blood cells, Its expression is based on the genetic expression of the Lewis and Secretor genes. Predict the Lewis Antigen phenotypic based on the genotype: (lele)(Se)

Le(a-b-)

The relative centrigugal force of a centriguge may be affected by:

RMPs Radius of head

Characteristic features of acute iron deficiency anemia?

Serum iron decreased, transferrin saturation is decreased, TIBC is increased