Topic 14 Lesson 5 (England) and Lesson 8 (Eastern Europe and Russia)

Ferenc Deák

moderate Hungarian leader who helped work out a compromise that created a new political power known as the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.

The tsar's reaction on Bloody Sunday led to

more rebellion and discontent.

rotten borough

rural town in England that sent members to Parliament despite having few or no voters.

Alexander II

son of Nicholas I, became tsar in 1855 and faced backwardness during the Crimean War. He implemented modernizing reforms, emancipating serfs in 1861. However, internal rebellion and Polish revolutionary activity led to repressive measures.

Zemstvos

local elected assembly set up in Russia under Alexander II

Balkan nationalism contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire by

causing instability in the region.

Abolition

the campaign against slavery and the slave trade

Which of the following was a key demand of the Chartist movement?

Establishing universal male suffrage

William Gladstone

Gladstone, a Whig and Liberal Party leader, served as prime minister four times. He extended suffrage to farmworkers and supported Irish home rule. Together with Benjamin Disraeli, Gladstone transformed the British government into a parliamentary democracy.

Working conditions

Harsh working conditions and deadly accidents were common in British coal mines. With the Mines Act of 1842, Parliament prohibited all females and boys under age 10 from working in underground mines.

Ottoman Empire Decline

Like the Hapsburgs, the Ottomans ruled a multinational empire. It stretched from Eastern Europe and the Balkans to North Africa and the Middle East. There, as in Austria, nationalist demands tore at the fabric of the empire.

Male suffrage

in the early 1800's male suffrage was extended to males who did not own property

Peter Stolypin

Peter Stolypin, a Russian statesman under Tsar Nicholas II, served as minister of the interior and president of the Council of Ministers. Despite implementing agricultural reforms, he faced political opposition and was assassinated in 1911.

Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria (1819-1901) reigned from 1837 until 1901. She symbolized British life during the period now known as the Victorian age. Queen Victoria set a tone of moral respectability and strict social manners. A trend-setter for the growing middle class, she introduced customs such as displaying a Christmas tree (a German practice) and wearing a white wedding gown.

Which of the following was a result of poor industrial working conditions in Russia?

Radicals gained supporters among the workers.

Crimean War

Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea: Places involved were Britian, French, and Turks. Russia lost the war

Why did Marxism gain only limited support among the British working class?

Social reforms protected the well being of the lower classes and shielded workers from abuse.

Francis Joseph

emperor of Austria and king of Hungary, formed the Dual Monarchy in 1867. He formed an alliance with Germany in 1879, led by Prussians. His handling of Serbia after Archduke Francis Ferdinand's assassination in 1914 was a catalyst for World War I.

As Parliament became increasingly democratic, what was the effect on the House of Lords?

The House of Lords eventually became a ceremonial body with little power.

Which of the following British policies forced mass migrations from Ireland?

Treatment during the "Great Hunger," or Irish potato famine

Parliamentary democracy

a form of government in which the executive leaders (usually a prime minister and cabinet) are chosen by and responsible to the legislature (parliament), are also members of it.

On which major issue did William Wilberforce work to shift political thought?

abolition

Which of the following was one of the major influences of Queen Victoria?

adhering to the traditional values of the time period

Daniel O'Connell

championed reform laws to give Irish Catholics political power. In the House of Commons, he supported free trade, prison reform, and the abolition of slavery.

What did Emmeline Pankhurst mean when she said, "It is through property that we shall strike the enemy"?

destroying property would make the greatest political statement

Emancipation

the freeing of slaves

Dual Monarchy

the monarchy of Austria-Hungary

The Dual Monarchy failed to end nationalist demands because

the nationalists did not believe in monarchy as a system of government.

Russia was slow to industrialize and reform because

the powerful landowning nobles resisted any form of change.

Francis Joseph's attempts at reform failed because

the reforms did not address the needs of most of the people in the empire.

Emancipation of the serfs led to further discontent because

the serfs were not given enough land or money to survive.

Pogrom

violent attack on a Jewish community

Benjamin Disraeli

was a prominent Conservative politician, served as prime minister for seven years. He led the expansion of suffrage and transformed the British Parliament into a more democratic institution, spearheading the Second Reform Act of 1867, and promoting social reforms like public health laws and worker union recognition.