Ch.14 Weathering, Karst Landscapes , and Mass Movement

Which of the following can lead to hill slope failure?

making a road cut in the side of a hill, increasing the slope angle, excessively watering a slope, ALL OF THE ABOVE

In most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken-up rock called

regolith

Human induced mass movements produce a category of processes known as

scarification

A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called

soil creep

The rate at which rocks weathering depends on

the climate of an area, type of rock, the amount of vegetation in the area, ALL OF THE ABOVE

Other than the rock itself, the most important chemical substance needed for the majority of the weathering processes is

water

The steepness of a slope made of loose material is called the

angle of repose

The form that a landscape exhibits results from a balance between

forces acting on the landscape, endogenic and exogenic processes, input and output of matter and energy, ALL OF THE ABOVE

The science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of land forms is

geomorphology

In which climates would rock be weathered to the greatest depth?

hot and wet

_____ threshold is the point at which there is enough energy to overcome resistance against movements

Geomorphic

Chemical Weathering is greatest under conditions of

Higher mean annual rainfall and temperature.

Which of the following is true of spheroidal weathering?

It attacks the corners an edges of rocks

Which of the following is true about joints

Joints are small, joints enhance

An example of chemical weathering is

Karst topography

In reality, a landscape behaves as an ___ system

Open

A slope is stable if its strength exceeds the weathering and erosion process

True

The Pressure release jointing is a physical weathering processes that does not involve water

True

The Salt Crystal growth is primarily found in arid environments

True

The angle of repose depends on the size and texture of the grains

True

The disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called

Weathering

After a threshold is crossed , the landscape

adjust to a new equilibrium condition

List two forms of landslides

Translational, rotational

Movement at the Geomorphic threshold signals

A conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy

Landslides occur when

A threshold is reached, the internal friction is overcome by the force of gravity, driving forces exceed resisting forces, ALL OF THE ABOVE.

All processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of land forms are included in the term of

Denudation

Physical weathering dominates in warm and wet climates

False

On which part of a slope would rocks tend to fall at the highest speed?

Free face

List three forms of physical weathering

Frost Action, Salt Crystal Growth and Pressure release jointing

Exfoliation occurs because

Overlaying rock is removed, thereby allowing the underlying rock mass to expand and fracture

When rock is broken and disintegrated without dissolving, the process in operation is

Physical weathering

Uplift of the landscape creates ____ energy which is converted to ____ energy when materials begin to move down slope.

Potential ; Kinetic

The dynamic equilibrium model refers to

a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation a by weathering and erosion in a given landscape.

A landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that

a landslide moves more slowly than a debris avalanche