ch.16

How many motor neurons are needed to carry an action potential from the spinal cord to smooth muscles in the wall of the intestine?

2

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?

A decrease in heart rate

Important functions of the postganglionic fibers that enter the thoracic cavity in autonomic nerves include which of the following?

Accelerating the heart rate Dilating the respiratory passageways All of the listed responses are correct. Increasing the force of cardiac contractions

Stimulation of which receptor brings about contraction of the smooth muscle in vascular smooth muscle?

Alpha 1

Stimulation of which receptor causes dilation of the airways?

Beta 2

Which of the following is unique to the sympathetic nervous system?

Chain ganglia

Which ganglia are part of the sympathetic division and are located anterior to the vertebral bodies?

Collateral ganglia

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?

Controls skeletal muscle

Which of the following is NOT a response to increased levels of sympathetic activity?

Increased digestive and urinary functions

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Increases activity of the digestive tract

Why is the axon of a ganglionic neuron called a postganglionic fiber?

It carries impulses away from the ganglion.

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter used by the sympathetic nervous system?

Norepinephrine Acetylcholine All of the listed responses are correct. Nitric oxide

What is the major structural difference between sympathetic preganglionic and ganglionic fibers?

Preganglionic fibers are short, and postganglionic fibers are long.

The summary effects of the collateral ganglia include which of the following?

Redirection of blood flow and energy use by visceral organs and release of stored energy

Which organs are NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

Skeletal muscles

What is the name of the endocrine gland that is innervated by the sympathetic division of the nervous system and is a modified sympathetic ganglion?

Suprarenal gland

What is the term for the chain of ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system that lies right outside the vertebral column?

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Which division of the nervous system "kicks in" during periods of exertion, stress, or emergency?

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

How does a medication that blocks beta receptors help a patient with high blood pressure?

The medication blocks the beta-1 receptors in the heart from stimulating an increase in the force and rate of heart contractions.

Based on just the anatomy, how can you distinguish the sympathetic division from the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

The origin of preganglionic fibers

Which of the following sympathetic receptors causes an increase in heart rate and force of contraction and an increase in metabolic activity?

beta-1

Cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic fibers that innervate the sweat glands of the skin and the blood vessels of the skeletal muscles are stimulated during exercise to

keep the body cool and provide oxygen and nutrients to active skeletal muscles

During a crisis, the event necessary for an individual to be able to cope with stressful and potentially dangerous situations is called

sympathetic activation

Postsynaptic cells of the sympathetic nervous system synapse with the cells they innervate through structures called

varicosities

The nerve bundle that carries preganglionic fibers to a nearby sympathetic chain ganglion is the

white ramus