US HIS - Chapter 23, Section 1 & Section 2

What were the provisions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act & the National Industrial Recovery Act?

The Agricultural Adjustment Act paid farmers not to plant and the NIRA suspended the antitrust laws and allowed business, labor, and government to cooperate in setting up voluntary rules for each industry.

Hugh Johnson

leader of the the National Recovery Administration (NRA)

"fireside chats"

what was the name for FDR's direct talks on the radio to the American people to let them know what he was trying to accomplish; gained the confidence of the people

What were FDR's inspiring words given on March 4th, 1933 and what is the significance of that date?

"...the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." That was FDR's first Inaugural Address

FDR's advisors were divided into three main groups. What did each group believe?

- One group supported the "New Nationalism" of Theodore Roosevelt. These advisers believed that business and government should work together to manage the economy. They believed that if government agencies worked with businesses to regulate wages, prices, and production, they could lift the economy out of the Depression. - The second group distrusted big business and blamed business leaders for causing the Depression. "Gov't planners" - The third group in Roosevelt's administration supported the "New Freedom" of Woodrow Wilson. These advisers wanted Roosevelt to support "trust busting" by breaking up big companies and allowing competition to set wages, prices, and production levels.

How did the government restore confidence in the banking system?

1.) passed laws 2.) FDR made fireside chats

How many acts did the Congress pass during FDR's Hundred Days?

15 bills

Gold Standard

1932 the nation's money was based on the gold standard, in which an ounce of gold could be exchanged for a set number of dollars.

What New Deal programs helped farmers & homeowners?

AAA & Farm Credit Administration - to begin helping farmers refinance their mortgages

March of Dimes

After FDR was diagnosed with polio in 1921, he established a foundation for polio victims at Warm Springs, Georgia. Entertainer Eddie Cantor suggested that everyone send a dime for polio research to the president. This campaign, which became known as the March of Dimes, produced 150,000 letters a day. In 1945 Congress voted to honor Roosevelt by placing his image on the dime.

polio

After he served as assistant secretary of the navy, Franklin Roosevelt caught the paralyzing disease, which left him paralyzed from the waist and down

Bank Holiday

All banks closed for 4 days so that Congress could enact legislation to stabilize the banking system; declared by President Roosevelt in order to allow more time for Congress to work towards a financial resolution, to avoid panic and withdrawal

What was the primary function of the Civilian Conservation Corps?

Beginning in March 1933, the CCC offered unemployed young men 18 to 25 years old the opportunity to work under the direction of the national forestry service planting trees, fighting forest fires, and building reservoirs.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Congress created this independent agency to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud

What was the Homeowner's Loan Corporation?

Congress established this to help homeowners pay their mortgages

Brain Trust

FDR and his advisers were nicknamed

New Deal

FDR's program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. 1933-35 program created by president Roosevelt to fight the depression; ABC acts

Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR's wife and New Deal supporter, supported civil rights and opposed Jim Crow laws, work for birth control and women's conditions and work. Wife of FDR, a social reformer who combined her deep humanitarian impulses with great political skills. a social reformer who combined her deep humanitarian impulses with great political skills. She traveled the country, observing social conditions and reminding the president about the suffering of the nation's people. She also urged him to appoint women to government positions.

Harry Hopkins

Former New York social worker who became an influential FDR adviser and head of several New Deal agencies. Head of Federal Emergency Relief Administration & Works Progress Administration

Why was FDR a very popular governor with the people of NY?

He cut taxes for farmers and workers and worked to reduce the rates charge by public utilities.

When FDR was elected in Nov 1932, why couldn't he start working on getting the country back in shape right away?

He had to wait to be inaugurated.

Dr. Jonas Salk

In the early 1950s, Dr. Jonas Salk discovered the polio vaccine. Today polio is no longer the threat to health that it once was.

What were the Emergency Banking Relief Act?

It gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened. The new law required federal examiners to survey the nation's banks and issue Treasury Department licenses to those that were financially sound.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

New Deal program that hired unemployed, single, men, ages 18-25, to work on natural conservation projects

What happened on May, 1933?

Over 4,000 banks had collapsed, wiping out 9 million savings accounts. In 38 states, governors declared bank holidays

Hyde Park

Roosevelt grew up on his family's estate at Hyde Park on the Hudson River. There, Roosevelt learned to hunt, fish, ride horses, and sail, and he developed his lifelong commitment to conservation and a love of rural America.

Describe FDR's early life before becoming governor of NY.

Roosevelt was intensely competitive. He enjoyed winning and liked to be in control. He also liked being around people. His charming personality, deep rich voice, and wide smile expressed confidence and optimism. He could also be very persuasive. Overall, FDR's personality seemed made for a life in politics.

What were the results of the 1932 election? Why?

Roosevelt's popularity in New York paved the way for his presidential nomination in 1932. Many Americans applauded his use of the government's power to help people in economic distress. Others believed that his struggle against polio had given him a better understanding of their hardships.

Henry Wallace

Secretary of Agriculture during FDR's presidency

William H. Woodin

Secretary of the Treasury during FDR's presidency

Why did FDR's election led to an increase in bank runs?

Some of the bank runs occurred because people feared Roosevelt would abandon the gold standard and reduce the value of the dollar in order to fight the Depression.

What was the TVA and what did it do?

Tennessee Valley Authority; A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.

Glass-Steagall Banking Act

This act separated commercial banking from investment banking. Act that established Federal deposit Insurance for peoples deposits

Alfred E. Smith

When the Democratic Party nominated Smith for president in 1928, Smith urged Roosevelt to run for governor of New York.

Will Rodgers

cowboy and comedian Will Roger; used his sharp wit to go after these public figures; never went after presidents until FDR

Franklin Roosevelt

known popularly as FDR, the two-term governor of New York and a distant cousin of former president Theodore Roosevelt. Democratic candidate who won the 1932 election by a landslide. He refused to uphold any of Hoover's policies with the intent of enacting his own. Pledged "New Deal" to American public

Hundred Days

name given to the days between March 9 and June 16, 1993 in which Congress under Roosevelt passed 15 major acts

Alexander Fleming

scientist who invented penicillin. FDR paid a tribute to him.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

this administration was made to administer the farm program: government would pay farmers not to raise certain livestock and not to grow certain crops to increase prices and decrease farm surplus

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

this was created to provide government insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount and greatly increased public confidence in the banking system; a federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

this was run under the leadership of Hugh Johnson and ran programs to recover industries by setting codes of fair competition

Civil Works Administration

this was set up to hire workers directly and put them on the federal government's payroll to help the unemployed, it was soon shut down due to extreme government spending

Why did FDR & Congress pass the Public Works Administration?

to provide employment in construction of airports, parks, schools, and roads