ch.17 urinary system worksheet

what is the path of urine (10 parts)

Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra

___ ___mechanisms move excess hydrogen ions into the renal tubule along with various organic compounds

active transport

how is uric acid reabsorbed

active transport

sodium ions are reabsorbed by ___ ___ and negatively charged ions follow passively

active transport

glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by ___ ___, water by ____, and proteins by ____

active transport, osmosis and endocytosis

when the ___ arteriole constricts in response to sympathetic stimulation, filtration pressure, and this filtration rate ___

afferent and decreases

what blood vessel leads into the corpuscle

afferent arteriole

urea is a by-product of ___ ___ metabolism; uric acid is a by-product of __ ___ metabolism

amino acid and nucleic acid

the kidney is a reddish brown, ___ shaped organ and enclosed in a tough fibrous ___

bean, capsule

where are red blood cells produced

bone marrow

what lowers pH

carbonic acid

the kidneys function to regulate the volume, ____, and pH of body fluids and remove ____ wastes from the blood in the process

composition and metabolic

a kidney contains about one million nephrons, each of which consists of a renal ___ and a renal ___

corpuscle and tubule

glomerular filtration is relatively constant, although sympathetic impulses may ___ the rate of filtration

decreases

when hydrostatic pressure inside the glomerular capsule is filtration rate ___

decreases

when osmotic pressure of the glomerular plasma is high, filtration rate ____

decreases

how is urea reabsorbed

diffusion

when the ___ arteriole constricts, filtration pressure increases, ___ the rate of filtration

efferent and increasing

which vessel takes blood away from the corpuscle

efferent arteriole

functions of urinary bladder

excretes waste, maintain concentration of water electrolytes, regulate pH of body fluid, control red blood cell production

there is also a voluntary sphincter in the ___ sphincter

external

which sphincter is voluntary

external

the ___ ___ ___ is composed of skeletal muscle and is under conscious control

external urethra sphincter

what is the glomerulus and bowman's capsules function

filter blood and collect filtrate

what are the three processes of the formation of urine

filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

what two structures make up the renal corpuscle

glomerulus and bowmans capsule

where does filtration occur

glomerus

the main force responsible for moving substances by filtration through the glomerular capillary wall is the ___ pressure of the blood inside

hydrostatic

which sphincter is involuntary

internal

the portion of the muscle that surrounds the neck of the bladder forms and ___ ___ muscle

internal sphincter

when contraction become strong enough, the ___ ___ sphincter is forced open

internal urethra

the urinary system consists of two ___, that filter the blood, two ____, a urinary ___, and a ___ to convey waste substances to the outside

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

two distinct regions are found within the kidney: an inner real ___ and an outer renal ___

medulla and cortex

the wall of the ureter is composed of three layers, what are they

mucous, muscular and fibrous

the wall of the urinary bladder is made up of four coats, what are they

mucous, submucous, muscular and serous

due to plasma proteins, ___ pressure of the blood resists filtration, as does ___ pressure inside the glomerular capsule

osmotic and hydrostatic

the urethra is a tube that conveys urine from the urinary bladder to the ___

outside

the urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ lying in the ___ cavity

pelvic

inside this space lies a basin called the renal ___

pelvis

muscular ____ waves convey urine to the ___ ___ where it passes through a flaplike valve in the mucous membrane

peristalic and urinary bladder

the kidneys are positioned behind the serous membrane called the ____

peritoneum

___ ions are secreted both actively and passively into the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct

potassium

two things that protect kidney

protective tissue and adipose tissue

most of tubular reabsorption occurs in the ___ convoluted tubule, where cells posses microvili with ____ proteins

proximal and carrier

that three section comprise the renal tubule

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule

the kidneys also help control the rate of __ blood cell formation by secreting erythropoietin, and regulate ___ __ by secreting renin

red and blood pressure

the abdominal aorta gives rise to ___ arteries leading to the kidneys

renal

tubular secretion transports certain substances from the plasma into the __ ___

renal tubule

when the sodium chloride concentration in the tubular fluid decreases, the macula dense senses these changes and causes the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete ___

renin

a medial depression in the kidney leads to a hollow renal ___

sinus

another control over filtration rate is the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates ___ excretion

sodium

stretching of the urinary bladder triggers the micturation reflex center located in the sacral portion of the ___ ___

spinal cord

the internal floor of the bladder includes the triangular shaped ____ which is composed of the opening of the two ureters and the urethra

trigone

the ureters are muscular tubules extending from the kidneys to the base of the __ ___

urinary bladder

as sodium is reabsorbed, ___ follows by osmosis

water

what substances are found in urine

water, urea, uric acid, electrolytes and amino acids