ch.17 urinary system worksheet
what is the path of urine (10 parts)
Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra
___ ___mechanisms move excess hydrogen ions into the renal tubule along with various organic compounds
active transport
how is uric acid reabsorbed
active transport
sodium ions are reabsorbed by ___ ___ and negatively charged ions follow passively
active transport
glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by ___ ___, water by ____, and proteins by ____
active transport, osmosis and endocytosis
when the ___ arteriole constricts in response to sympathetic stimulation, filtration pressure, and this filtration rate ___
afferent and decreases
what blood vessel leads into the corpuscle
afferent arteriole
urea is a by-product of ___ ___ metabolism; uric acid is a by-product of __ ___ metabolism
amino acid and nucleic acid
the kidney is a reddish brown, ___ shaped organ and enclosed in a tough fibrous ___
bean, capsule
where are red blood cells produced
bone marrow
what lowers pH
carbonic acid
the kidneys function to regulate the volume, ____, and pH of body fluids and remove ____ wastes from the blood in the process
composition and metabolic
a kidney contains about one million nephrons, each of which consists of a renal ___ and a renal ___
corpuscle and tubule
glomerular filtration is relatively constant, although sympathetic impulses may ___ the rate of filtration
decreases
when hydrostatic pressure inside the glomerular capsule is filtration rate ___
decreases
when osmotic pressure of the glomerular plasma is high, filtration rate ____
decreases
how is urea reabsorbed
diffusion
when the ___ arteriole constricts, filtration pressure increases, ___ the rate of filtration
efferent and increasing
which vessel takes blood away from the corpuscle
efferent arteriole
functions of urinary bladder
excretes waste, maintain concentration of water electrolytes, regulate pH of body fluid, control red blood cell production
there is also a voluntary sphincter in the ___ sphincter
external
which sphincter is voluntary
external
the ___ ___ ___ is composed of skeletal muscle and is under conscious control
external urethra sphincter
what is the glomerulus and bowman's capsules function
filter blood and collect filtrate
what are the three processes of the formation of urine
filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
what two structures make up the renal corpuscle
glomerulus and bowmans capsule
where does filtration occur
glomerus
the main force responsible for moving substances by filtration through the glomerular capillary wall is the ___ pressure of the blood inside
hydrostatic
which sphincter is involuntary
internal
the portion of the muscle that surrounds the neck of the bladder forms and ___ ___ muscle
internal sphincter
when contraction become strong enough, the ___ ___ sphincter is forced open
internal urethra
the urinary system consists of two ___, that filter the blood, two ____, a urinary ___, and a ___ to convey waste substances to the outside
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
two distinct regions are found within the kidney: an inner real ___ and an outer renal ___
medulla and cortex
the wall of the ureter is composed of three layers, what are they
mucous, muscular and fibrous
the wall of the urinary bladder is made up of four coats, what are they
mucous, submucous, muscular and serous
due to plasma proteins, ___ pressure of the blood resists filtration, as does ___ pressure inside the glomerular capsule
osmotic and hydrostatic
the urethra is a tube that conveys urine from the urinary bladder to the ___
outside
the urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ lying in the ___ cavity
pelvic
inside this space lies a basin called the renal ___
pelvis
muscular ____ waves convey urine to the ___ ___ where it passes through a flaplike valve in the mucous membrane
peristalic and urinary bladder
the kidneys are positioned behind the serous membrane called the ____
peritoneum
___ ions are secreted both actively and passively into the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct
potassium
two things that protect kidney
protective tissue and adipose tissue
most of tubular reabsorption occurs in the ___ convoluted tubule, where cells posses microvili with ____ proteins
proximal and carrier
that three section comprise the renal tubule
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule
the kidneys also help control the rate of __ blood cell formation by secreting erythropoietin, and regulate ___ __ by secreting renin
red and blood pressure
the abdominal aorta gives rise to ___ arteries leading to the kidneys
renal
tubular secretion transports certain substances from the plasma into the __ ___
renal tubule
when the sodium chloride concentration in the tubular fluid decreases, the macula dense senses these changes and causes the juxtaglomerular cells to secrete ___
renin
a medial depression in the kidney leads to a hollow renal ___
sinus
another control over filtration rate is the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates ___ excretion
sodium
stretching of the urinary bladder triggers the micturation reflex center located in the sacral portion of the ___ ___
spinal cord
the internal floor of the bladder includes the triangular shaped ____ which is composed of the opening of the two ureters and the urethra
trigone
the ureters are muscular tubules extending from the kidneys to the base of the __ ___
urinary bladder
as sodium is reabsorbed, ___ follows by osmosis
water
what substances are found in urine
water, urea, uric acid, electrolytes and amino acids