Ch.2

there are approximately_______known minerals. A. 2000 B. 4000 C. 12,000 D. 120,000

4000

which of the following is an ion? A. Fe^2+ B. NaSi3O8 C. O2 D. U-238

Fe^2+

Which of the following is a compound? A. CI- B. Li+ C. LiCI D. All of the above are compounds

LiCI

silicate minerals contain________ions A. O2 B. SiO4 C. SO4 D. none of the above

SiO4

the mineral quartz is a hard tough mineral, equally strong in all directions. its silica tetrahedra are bonded together in_________. A. double chains B. rings C. single chain D. a three dimensional network

a three dimensional network

For a mineral to be considered as a gem it must be_______. A. beautiful B. durable C. rare D. all of the above

all of the above

this mineral property is governed by crystal structure and by the strength of chemical bonds: A. crystal form B. habit C. hardness D. all of the above

all of the above

the angles between cleavage planes___________,and are directly related to crystal_________. A. can change, size B. can change, structure C. are constant, size D. are constant, structure

are constant, structure

__________may someday replace silicon in our computers, which could then run at much higher temperatures. A. artificial asbestos B. artificial diamonds C. natural asbestos D. natural diamonds

artificial diamonds

The smallest individual particle that remains the distinctive chemical properties of an element is known as a(n)__________. A. atom B. compound C. mineral D. molecule

atom

The diameter of an atom is one _________of a millimeter. A. thousandth B. millionth C. billionth D. trillionth

billionth

semiprecious gems are ______. A. beautiful B. durable C. rare D. both A and B

both A and B

this experimental apparatus was used to confirm Steno's law A. scanning tunneling microscopes B. x-ray diffraction C. neither A or B D. both A and B

both A and B

The cleavage of a mineral is the tendency of a mineral to ____________in preferred directions along bright reflective__________surfaces. A. break, curved B. break, planar C. grow, curved D. grow, planar

break, planar

which of the following minerals do not occur as native elements. A. calcite B. diamond C. gold D. silver

calcite

In 1912, miners seeking lead and zinc found the Cave of Crystals in Chihuahua, Mexico. These large crystals are the largest in the world, and are formed in saline water rich in ____________. They are currently ______________. A. calcium carbonate, being mined B. calcium carbonate, being protected C. calcium sulphate, being mined D. calcium sulphate, being protected

calcium sulphate, being protected

Ca^2+ is a _________, and has________electrons than protons. A. anion, less B. anion, more C. cation, less D. cation, more

cation, less

the most important determinant of mineral color is _______. A. chemical composition B. cleavage C. crystal form D. crystal size

chemical composition

the largest human excavation on the face of the earth is the Bingham mine in Utah(USA). what mineral resource is the primary one mined at this location? A. copper B. gold C. silver D. none of the above

copper

Molecules are held together by___________forces known as bonds. A. electromagnetic B. gravitational C. strong nuclear D. weak nuclear

electromagnetic

Minerals crystals are characterized by having______and_________surfaces. A. curved, irregular B. curved, linear C. flat, irregular D. flat, planar

flat, planar

Natural diamonds only form at very _______pressures, and ________ temperatures. A. high, high B. high, low C. low, high D. low, low

high, high

which of the following is not a subatomic particle contained within an atom? A. electron B. ion C. neutron D. proton

ion

The mineral Halite has ________bonds which form a cubic crystal lattice. A. covalent B. ionic C. metallic D. van der waals

ionic

the hardness of a mineral___________. A. changes depending upon crystal size B. is dependent upon on the shape of a crystal C. is the same for the same mineral type D. none of the above

is the same for the same mineral type

the internal arrangement of atoms within a mineral crystal__________. A. is disordered B. is well ordered for fully formed crystals and poorly ordered for irregular crystals C. varies from crystal to crystal D. is well ordered

is well ordered

if you can scratch a mineral with you fingernail it has a hardness of __________2.5. A. exactly B. less than C. greater than D. none of the above

less than

ore mineral are_______in abundance, and are distinctly_____in distribution. A. limited, localized B. limited, regional C. virtually unlimited, localize D. virtually unlimited, regional

limited, localized

__________bonding is characterized by the situation where electrons can readily drift from one atom to another. A. covalent B. ionic C. metallic D. van der waals

metallic

streak is property that is especially useful for identifying________mineral, and is reliable because the effects of _______are reduced. A. metallic, color B. metallic, grain-size C. non-metallic, color D. non-metallic, grain-size

metallic, grain-size

A diamond is a _______, and is compromised of the same chemical as found in __________. A. mineral, graphite B. mineral, quartz C. rock, graphite D. rock, quartz

mineral, graphite

opal is a type of _______. A. crystalline substance B. glass C. mineral D. mineraloid

mineraloid

the smallest chemical unit that has all the properties of a particular compound is called______. A. atom B. compound C. ion D. molecule

molecule

________nation(s) can supply of their mineral needs. This has led________-scale miners (particularly) with little concern for the environment to leave behind problems with little efforts at reclamation. A. few, large B. few, small C. no, large D. no, small

no, small

Vitreous, resinous, pearly. These are examples of ____ _______. A. metallic lusters B. metallic textures C. non-metallic lusters D. non-metallic textures

non-metallic lusters

the mineral Muscovite is a mica that has good cleavage in__________direction(s), resulting from _________bonds between sheets. A. one, strong B. one, weak C. two, strong D. two, weak

one, weak

a mineral does not have to be _______to be classified as a mineral. A. crystalline B. naturally occurring C. organic D. solid

organic

for silicate minerals, two silica trahendra can bond by sharing a(n)__________atom, in a process called_________. A. oxygen, ionization B. oxygen, polymerization C. silicon, ionization D. silicon, polymerization

oxygen, polymerization

the most common element found in the earth's crust is _______,followed by ________. A. carbon, oxygen B. oxygen, carbon C. oxygen, silicon D. silicon, oxygen

oxygen, silicon

the ______mineral apatite supplies fundamental chemicals for bones (including humans). A. carbonate B. oxide C. phosphate D. silicate

phosphate

the atomic number of an element is equal to the number of _______in the atom. A. electrons B. neutrons C. neutrinos D. protons

proton

which of the following is a true mineral? A. coal B. opal C. quartz D. steel

quartz

the atoms in minerals are arranged in ________and ___________rows. A. irregular, disorderly B. irregular, orderly C. regular, disorderly D. regular, orderly

regular, orderly

the physical attributes of mica mineral are very similar to the bonding of the silica tetrahedral within their respective crystal lattices. the silica tetrahedral and the mineral themselves form________. A. isolated tetrahedral B. sheets C. single chan D. a three dimensional network

sheets

of the families of minerals found in earth's crust, these are the most common. A. carbonates B. halides C. oxides D. silicates

silicates

ions of_________charge and________size are more likely to substitute for others in mineral crystal lattices. A. different, different B. different, similar C. similar, different D. similar, similar

similar, similar

of the following minerals this is the softest one. A. apatite B. diamond C. gypsum D. talc

talc

when examining a crystal, this a key feature that can be used to identify a mineral. A. the angle between crystal faces B. overall crystal size C. relative sizes of crystal faces D. all of the above

the angle between crystal faces

isotopes of the same element (such as Carbon-12, Carbon-14)have __________atomic number, and ______mass number. A. a different, a different B. a different, the same C. the same, a different D. the same, the same

the same, a different

which of the following is NOT a mineral? A. a mineralized skull B. a mineralized fossil shell C. quartz D. water

water