Ch.2: Intro to Cognitive Science & Cognitive Informatics

What brain functions does cognitive science cover?

Memory, attention, perception, reasoning, language, mental ability, and computational models of cognitive processes.

Cognitive science includes what disciplines?

psychology, philosophy, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, biology, and physics.

List some definitions of wisdom.

-Knowledge applied in a particular way. -The highest form of common sense resulting from accumulated knowledge -Ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge Wisdom: knowing when and how to apply knowledge.

Define artificial intelligence.

-Science and engineering of making intelligent machines. -The ability to perform a task that is normally performed by natural intelligence. -Use of cognitive science and computer science to replicate and generate human intelligence.

What can decision-support software do for nursing?

1. Helps to consider the consequences of difference courses of action before implementation of action 2. Provides stores of information 3. Helps nurses to make better decisions in unfamiliar circumstances.

7. Experts in computer science strive to understand how the mind processes: A. data and information. B. knowledge. C. sensory input. D. None of these is correct.

A

Chapter 2 Quiz Review

Answers

1. A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences a complication after surgery. The nurse understands the cause-and-effect relationship because her knowledge is based in: A. instinct. B. reason. C. empiricism. D. intuition.

B

10. Understanding of clinical practice decision making using cognitive science principles promotes the development of: A. administrative processing systems. B. clinical decision support tools. C. knowledge warehouses. D. All of these are correct.

B

2. A nurse is explaining how cognitive informatics helps improve information technology in health care. Which statement by the nurse is correct? A. "Cognitive informatics helps build complex computer systems for human use." B. "Cognitive informatics examines how the human brain is similar to a computer." C. "Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology systems can be built." D. "Cognitive informatics looks at how the human brain processes data and information that comes from a computer."

C

6. Considering principles of cognitive informatics when designing technology interfaces helps to mitigate: A. information processing. B. use of resources. C. human mental workload. D. None of these is correct.

C

What is cognitive informatics.

Cognitive informatics is the multidisciplined study of cognitive science and information science which focuses on how the mind works to process information mentally as well as on a computer. Studies relationship between human information processing mechanisms and their engineering applications in computing.

Define connectionsim.

Connectionism uses computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual ability. (It's a part of cognitive science.)

3. A nurse is reading literature on cognitive science and understands that this discipline is influenced by which field of science? A. Sociology B. Physiology C. Chemistry D. Psychology

D

5. Clinical decision support systems help users to: A. consider consequences of alternative actions. B. provide stores of information. C. make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances. D. All of these are correct.

D

9. Some of the disciplines involved in cognitive science include: A. psychology and philosophy. B. neuroscience and linguistics. C. biology and physics. D. All of these are correct.

D

What is empiricism in terms of gaining knowledge?

Empiricism is knowledge gained by experience. Empiricists do not consider knowledge innate (you are not born with it).

What are the 3 sources of knowledge.

Instinct: reaction without reason. (Innate) Reason: Collection of facts, generalization, cause-and-effect association, etc. Intuition: Acquiring knowledge that cannot be obtained by inference, deduction, reason, observation, etc.

What is rationalism in terms of gaining knowledge?

Rationalism is knowledge derived by reason alone. Therefore, knowledge does not have to be experienced to be gained, it can be accomplished by using reason (logic).

Define knowledge.

The awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways information can be made useful to support specific tasks or arrive at a decision.

Define cognitive science.

The study of the mind, intelligence, and behavior from an information-processing perspective.

What is epistemology?

The study of the nature and origin or knowledge.

4. Artificial intelligence is the field that deals with the conception, development, and implementation of informatics tools based on intelligent technologies. This field attempts to capture the complex processes of human thought and intelligence. True or False

True

8. Knowledge can be defined as the awareness and understanding of a set of information. True or False

True