CH21

113. As far as women and the New Deal era are concerned, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:

. (p. 834)

Roosevelt's Cabinet

1. Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins 2. Harry Hopkins 3. Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes 4. Justice Louis Brandeis

Economic Justice

1. Upton Sinclair and the End Poverty in California movement. 2. Huey Long and Share our Wealth 3. Charles Coughlin 4. Dr. Francis Townsend

After _______ , the WPA denied employment to aliens, a decision that greatly affected Mexican Americans.

1937

By 1932, what percentage of American workers were unemployed?

25

Which of the following was NOT a program of the Herbert Hoover administration to ameliorate the Depression?

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Young men were hired to clear land, plant trees , build bridges and fish ponds by the

CCC

The most influential advocate for African Americans in the Roosevelt Administration was

Eleanor Roosevelt

Labor issues in Roosevelt's National Recovery Administration were addressed in

Section 7a

89. During the Depression, the meaning of freedom came to include

a. economic security. (p. 809)

92. The election of Franklin Roosevelt

c. ushered in an era of unregulated capitalism. (p. 812)

95. FDR and Congress attempted to resolve the banking crisis with all of the following legislation and policies, EXCEPT:

d. Against the advice of the "Brain Trust," the federal government reinstituted the gold standard. (p. 813)

96. The National Recovery Administration (NRA) included all of the following features, EXCEPT:

d. This act contained business codes that seemed to favor large businesses over smaller ones. (p. 814)

101. Which of the following is true concerning the drought which plagued the central plains states?

d. all of these (a. By 1930, overuse of the soil, accompanied by a prolonged period of drought, turned the land into a "dust bowl." b. Dust storms were known to carry hundreds of tons of dirt for hundreds of miles and sometimes suffocated people and animals. c. The drought caused "Okies" and "Arkies" (dispossessed farmers stereotypically-named after the states of Oklahoma and Arkansas) to begin moving by the thousands to California in search of work.) (p. 816)

103. Other New Deal measures instituted during Pres. Roosevelt's first administration included the

d. all of these (a. Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to insure loans to Americans for buying homes. b. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to monitor the radio and telephone industries. c. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to monitor and regulate the stock market.) (p. 818)

African Americans employed by New Deal relief programs

were among the first to be released when funds ran out

In the 1930s, the New Deal generally gave

work relief to men and cash assistance to women

How did FDR's attitude toward planned deficits affect the success of the New Deal's efforts to rescue the economy?

x.He avoided planned deficits, spending too much on his New Deal programs and nearly bankrupting the United States.

What caused the National Recovery Administration ultimately to fail?

x.It didn't attempt to address labor leaders' goals of ensuring maximum working hours and establishing minimum wage.

What was the major political legacy of the New Deal?

x.It restored the U.S. economy to its original preeminence in the world.

How did Huey Long's "Share the Wealth" movement of 1935 reflect on the U.S. government's efforts to address the Great Depression?

x.The "Share the Wealth" movement complimented the New Deal's programs, which similarly sought to increase the standard of living of all Americans.

Scottsboro boys

A case in which nine young black men were arrested for the rape of two white women in Alabama in 1931. Despite the weakness of the evidence against the Scottsboro boys and the fact that one of the two accusers recanted, Alabama authorities three times put them on trial and three times won convictions. Landmark Supreme Court decisions overturned the first two verdicts and established legal principles that greatly expanded the definition of civil liberties that defendants have a constitutional right to effective legal representation, and that states cannot systematically exclude blacks from juries. But the Court allowed the third set of convictions to stand, which led to prison sentences for five of the defendants.

What was the primary motivation for the passage of the Social Security Act?

A sense of duty to ensure that all America's citizens, especially the elderly, handicapped, and unemployed, were adequately provided for.

The Popular Front

At the height of the Popular Front a period during the mid-1930s when the Communist Party sought to ally itself with socialists and New Dealers in movements for social change, urging reform of the capitalist system rather than revolution Communists gained an unprecedented respectability.

Why was the New Deal criticized during the early years of the Great Depression?

Because it tended to benefit large businesses and farms, leaving the poor and elderly unaided.

How did the consumer-goods revolution contribute to the great crash of 1929?

Because of the availability of durable goods that didn't need to be regularly replaced, production outpaced demand, which led to wide-scale layoffs.

Minimum wage laws

Beginning in March 1937, the Court suddenly revealed a new willingness to support economic regulation by both the federal government and the states. It upheld a minimum wage law of the state of Washington similar to the New York measure it had declared unconstitutional a year earlier.

Bank Holiday

By March 1933, banking had been suspended in a majority of the states that is, people could not gain access to money in their bank accounts. Roosevelt declared a bank holiday, temporarily halting all bank operations.

A short lived agency that employed 4 million people to build roads, schools, playgrounds, and athletic facilities was the

CWA

What was the most significant long-range effect of the New Deal on American society?

Certain key programs, such as Social Security, have become an integral part of American life, providing essential benefits to millions of Americans today.

Young men were hired to clear land, plant trees, build bridges, and fish ponds by the

Civilian Conservation Corps.

In 1935, John L. Lewis organized the

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Social Security Act

Created the Social Security system with provisions for a retirement pension, unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and public assistance (welfare).

Townsend Plan

Dr. Francis Townsend, a California physician, won wide support for a plan by which the government would make a monthly payment of $200 to older Americans, with the requirement that they spend it immediately.

How did the country's experience of World War I shape the national response to the Great Depression under FDR?

During the war years, the country had experienced general mobilization of the nation's resources in the service of a common goal, facilitating implementation of the New Deal, another form of general mobilization.

The Hundred Days

Extraordinarily productive first three months of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration in which a special session of Congress enacted fifteen of his New Deal proposals.

What role did FDR play in the shifting of African American political affiliation from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party?

FDR appointed African Americans to high-ranking positions and criticized racial discrimination.

The New Deal agency designed to assist sharecroppers in acquiring land of their own was the

Farm Security Administration

Why did farmers during the Great Depression resort to such extreme measures as dumping fresh milk into the streets?

Farmers hoped to create demand and drive up prices for their products.

All of the following programs were part of the "Second New Deal" EXCEPT

Federal Emergency Relief Administration

House Un-American Activities Committee

Formed in 1938 to investigate subversives in the government and holders of radical ideas more generally; best-known investigations were of Hollywood notables and of former State Department official Alger Hiss, who was accused in 1948 of espionage and Communist Party membership. Abolished in 1975.

The first woman Cabinet member was

Frances Perkins

Dust Bowl

Great Plains counties where millions of tons of topsoil were blown away from parched farmland in the 1930s; massive migration of farm families followed.

The individual who was most responsible for promoting African American rights during the New Deal was

Harry Hopkins

The individual most responsible for promoting African American rights during the New Deal was

Harry Hopkins.

Which of FDR's actions ended the immediate financial crisis of the 1930s?

He took control of the nation's banks, thereby restoring the public's confidence in the banking system.

Why did FDR attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court?

He wanted to remove the final and most powerful threat to his New Deal by replacing judges who opposed its programs.

As secretary of agriculture, ______ was in charge of farm relief.

Henry A. Wallace

Which of the following individuals was blamed by Americans for the Depression?

Herbert Hoover

How might FDR's personal background have prepared him to meet the challenges of the Great Depression?

His bout with polio gave him personal experience of suffering and made him more sensitive to the downtrodden of society.

_____ posed the most realistic threat to Roosevelt's re election chances in 1936

Huey Long

John Collier is to be associated with New Deal

Indian policies

What effect did the Great Depression have on immigration to the United States?

It effectively reversed the flow, with hundreds of thousands being deported.

How did the New Deal affect American industrial workers?

It provided the means for them to organize and bargain for benefits.

How did the Roosevelt administration finally deal with the problem of agricultural overproduction?

It set production limits for leading crops and paid farmers subsidies.

Which was NOT a criticism of the Social Security Act?

It would transfer much of the national wealth to a minority of the population.

The individual who headed the Bureau of Indian Affairs during the New Deal was

John Collier

How was American handling of the crises of World War One and the Great Depression similar?

Just as the War provided women and minorities with job opportunities, so did the Great Depression offer more unskilled, typically female and minority jobs.

After 1937, the WPA denied employment to aliens, a decision that greatly affected

Mexican Americans.

The blue eagle was a symbol of the

NRA

Which New Deal program did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional?

National Recovery Administration

Which of the following New Deal programs did the Supreme Court declare unconstitutional?

National Recovery Administration

Despite the New Deal, ________ were the country's most impoverished citizens.

Native Americans

Why did the Great Depression affect racial minorities more severely than other groups?

Racial minorities were the first to be fired and last to be hired.

Sit-down Strike

Tactic adopted by labor unions in the mid- and late 1930s, whereby striking workers refused to leave factories, making production impossible; proved highly effective in the organizing drive of the Congress of Industrial Organizations.

National Recovery Administration

The National Recovery Administration (NRA), created to work with groups of business leaders to establish industry codes that set standards for output, prices, and working conditions.

Which was NOT a problem encountered by the National Recovery Administration?

The appeal for patriotic public support fell on deaf ears.

Which was NOT a way that the Great Depression benefited the Democrats?

The handling of the Depression by Democrats was universally popular and led to a short period of Democratic control of the Congress.

How did the creation of reform programs during the New Deal eventually lead to its demise?

The programs required massive government spending and couldn't be sustained.

Indian New Deal

Under Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier, the administration launched an Indian New Deal. Collier ended the policy of forced assimilation and allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy. He replaced boarding schools meant to eradicate the tribal heritage of Indian children with schools on reservations, and dramatically increased spending on Indian health.

How did the Great Depression affect Americans psychologically?

Unemployment and poverty undermined people's sense of self-worth and caused many to despair.

How did women and minorities benefit from the organization of labor?

Unskilled labor, which largely consisted of women and minorities, was represented along with skilled labor by the CIO and AFL.

Which New Deal agency was designed to help American artists?

WPA

The bonus army that came to Washington in 1932 was made up of

WWI veterans who lobbied Congress

Francis Townsend advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to

all Americans over the age of 60

Francis Townsend advocated that the federal government pay $200 each month to

all Americans over the age of 60.

Roosevelt's "court packing" proposal

all of the above

By 1935, the New Deal coalition included support from all the following EXCEPT

big business

The Tennessee Valley Authority was designed to

bring modernization and jobs to desolate areas of the upper and rural South.

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was designed to

bring modernization and jobs to desolate areas of the upper rural South.

In 1934, the American Liberty League was formed

by wealthy conservatives who strongly opposed the New Deal

104. FDR's approach to the Depression during the First New Deal included all of the following EXCEPT:

c. Cooperation with and regulation of big business

Franklin D. Roosevelt's initial New Deal legislation was surprisingly

conservative

Father Coughlin's radio sermons

contained blatant anti-Semitic references

Criticism of the Agricultural Adjustment Act included each of the following EXCEPT

contributing to the Dust Bowl conditions in the Great Plains

Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that to restore purchasing power farmers, production should be

cut

93. Roosevelt's "Brain Trust"

d. all of these (a. included former Progressives and university professors. b. recognized the inevitability of big business in the American economy. c. thought that large companies should be regulated by the federal government.) (p. 812)

121. The main failure of the New Deal was that it

d. did not address social problems. (p. 847)

By 1935, Roosevelt's severest critics were

demanding more radical reforms

By 1935, Roosevelt's severest critics were

demanding more radical reforms.

In the American West, New Deal programs

disproportionately benefited the region in funding

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

established a national minimum wage

The National Recovery Administration sought to promote economic recovery by

experimenting with national economic planning.

In response to President Franklin Roosevelt's first days in office, the American people

felt a mixture of relief and hope

The National Labor Relations Act

granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain

The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act

granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain.

The Farm Security Administration was designed to

help tenant farmers and sharecroppers buy their own land

The social and economic effects of the Depression

hit by the middle class especially hard

The social and economic effects of the Depression

hit the middle class especially hard.

How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929?

ild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices.

All of the following statements regarding the New Deal and women are true EXCEPT

in general, women were major critics of the New Deal

The most striking characteristics of the stock market in 1929 was

investors' obsession with speculation

The most striking characteristic of the stock market in 1929 was

investors' obsession with speculation.

Criticisms of the Social Security Act included each of the following EXCEPT

it would transfer over half the national income to less than 10 percent of the population

Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet member in American history, was secretary of

labor

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was designed to

loan money to financial institutions to prevent bankruptcies

Franklin D. Roosevelt's conduct between 1933 and 1935 could best be described as that of the

moderate reformer

Each of the following is true of the Fair Labor Standards Act EXCEPT

organized labor gave it enthusiastic support

The Congress of Industrial Organizations

promoted the organization of all workers, not just skilled labor, in a given industry.

The National Recovery Administration sought to promote economic recovery by

promoting cooperation between business and labor

During the Hundred Days, Roosevelt did all of the following EXCEPT

propose government ownership of major industries

During the Hundred Days, Roosevelt did all of the following, EXCEPT

propose government ownership of major industries.

Under the New Deal, African Americans

received more sympathy than under most previous administrations

Under the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the federal government paid subsidies to farmers who

reduced their crop production

Franklin D. Roosevelt and his advisers believed that a __________ of production would restore purchasing power to farmers.

reduction

The Indian Reorganization Act did each of the following EXCEPT

reestablish the Indian Reservations, 47 years after the Dawes Act abolished them.

Hoover's response to the Depression could best be described as

restrained and cautious

Hoover's response to the Depression could best be described as

restrained and cautious.

Huey Long advocated

sharing the wealth

Hoover believed that efforts to relieve human suffering

should come from private charities

Hoover believed that unemployment relief

should come from private charities.

One of the major effects the New Deal had on the United States was the creation of

stronger and more varied interest groups

Roosevelt's "court packing" proposal was NOT

successful at limiting the power of the Supreme Court.

Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation was designed to

support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones

Roosevelt's Hundred Days banking legislation was designed to

support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones.

By the end of 1938

the New Deal had largely come to an end

The National Recovery Administration encountered each of the following problems EXCEPT

the appeal for patriotic public support fell on deaf ears

In the second term, Roosevelt was stung by each of the following EXCEPT

the defeat of minimum wage and maximum hour legislation

In his second term, Roosevelt was stung by each of the following EXCEPT

the defeat of minimum wage and maximum hour legislation.

One long-term consequence of the New Deal was

the national government assumed a responsibility for the basic welfare of the people

The Hundred Days was

the period immediately after Roosevelt's first inauguration

The Social Security Act of 1935

was a fundamentally conservative measure.

The sit down strike

was first used against General Motors in 1936

The sitdown strike

was first used against General Motors in 1936.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act

was found unconstitutional in 1936

New Deal policy toward American Indians

was grounded in a commitment to cultural relativism

In the presidential campaign of 1932, Hoover

was haunted by the public's memory of the Bonus March

The industrial union movement of the 1930s

was led by John L. Lewis and the UMW

The industrial union movement of the 1930s

was led by John L. Lewis and the UMW.

How did agencies created during the Hundred Days affect the Great Depression?

x.They strengthened all the failing banks of the country, restoring Americans' confidence in banking.

Rural Electrification Agency

Created to bring electric power to homes that lacked 80 percent of farms were still without electricity in 1934 in part to enable more Americans to purchase household appliances.

Share Our Wealth Movement

Launched in 1934, its slogan was 'Every Man a King'; the group called for the confiscation of most of the wealth of the richest Americans in order to finance an immediate grant of $5,000 and a guaranteed job and annual income for all citizens.

Agricultural Adjustment Act

New Deal legislation that established the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) to improve agricultural prices by limiting market sup- plies; declared unconstitutional in United States v. Butler (1936). It hurt small farms and tenant farmers.

Public Works Administration

One section of the National Industrial Recovery Act created the Public Works Administration (PWA), with an appropriation of $3.3 billion. Directed by Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes, it built roads, schools, hospitals, and other public facilities.

Works Progress Administration

Part of the Second New Deal, it provided jobs for millions of the unemployed on construction and arts projects.

Court-packing Plan

President Franklin D. Roosevelt failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of U.S. Supreme Court justices from nine to fifteen in order to save his Second New Deal programs from constitutional challenges.

The New Deal program which had the broadest effect on the lives of rural Americans was the

Rural Electrification Administration

To oversee activities in the stock market, in 1934, Congress established the

Securities and Exchange Commission

Hugh S. Johnson

Set standards for production, prices, and wages in the textile, steel, mining, and auto industries.

Public Works Revolution

The Roosevelt Administration spent far more money on building roads, dams, airports, bridges.

Fair Labor Standards

The bill banned goods produced by child labor from interstate commerce, set forty cents as the minimum hourly wage, and required overtime pay for hours of work exceeding forty per week.

Smith Act

This legislation made it a federal crime to ''teach, advocate, or encourage'' the overthrow of the government.

88. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and the Democrats had put together a new coalition of voters which included all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Farmers and urban workers (p. 809)

105. All of the following describe aspects of the labor movement in the 1930s, EXCEPT:

a. The labor movement became much less militant after it was seen that the federal government supported union organization in various industries. (p. 819-822)

120. After reading about the Depression and the New Deal, you can conclude that all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:

a. Through providing special attention to them, New Deal legislation was able to substantially alleviate the problems of the nation's racial and ethnic minorities. (p. 847)

115. Eleanor Roosevelt exhibited her strong commitment to civil rights when she

a. arranged for Marian Anderson to sing at the Lincoln Memorial after having been barred from a performance at Washington's Constitution Hall. (p. 839)

98. During the so-called Hundred Days, Congress

a. enacted the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), which provided monies to assist state relief agencies. (p. 814)

110. From what you have read about Depression-era programs and policies, you can conclude that the New Deal concentrated political power in the hands of

a. the executive branch of government.

The Tennessee Valley Authority of 1933

an experiment in regional planning by the federal government

114. Concerning African Americans during the New Deal, all of the following circumstances are true, EXCEPT:

b. Blacks benefitted equally with whites from relief programs such as the CCC and the NRA. (p. 839)

All of the following groups were part of the New Deal political coalition EXCEPT

big business owners

During the first year of the National Recovery Act

both A and B

In 1934, strong criticism of the New Deal came from

both A and B

The "Second New Deal" was launched in response to

both A and B

The Works Progress Administration provided federal assistance to

both A and B

112. Which of the following is true concerning Pres. Roosevelt's Court-packing plan?

c. The Court began to approve New Deal decisions, making the measure unnecessary. (p. 835)

108. Some facets of the Second New Deal included all of the following, EXCEPT:

c. The Rural Electrification Agency (REA), which was designed to provide farmers with electric power, unfortunately turned out to be one of the New Deal's biggest failures. (p. 825)

122. Which of the following finally ended the Depression?

c. The economic upturn caused by the Second World War (p. 847)

90. During the 1932 presidential campaign, Franklin Roosevelt

c. often appeared vague concerning his plans for an economic recovery. (p. 810)

97. As far as relief programs were concerned, FDR

c. preferred work relief programs. (p. 814)

118. In the Depression years,

c. the Scottsboro case exemplified a decline in racist thinking in the South. (p. 844)

94. As Roosevelt assumed the presidency,

c. the nation's banking system began to fail. (p. 812)

107. Compared to early New Deal programs, the Second New Deal

c. tried to protect against unemployment and poverty. (p. 824)

Much of Father Charles Coughlin's outspoken criticism of the Roosevelt administration revolved around the issue of

changing the banking and currency system

In 1933, two days after he took office, President Franklin Roosevelt

closed all banks

116. How did Native Americans fare during the New Deal?

d. all of these (a. Indians in general continued to live dire poverty during the New Deal era. b. The Indian Reorganization Act encouraged tribal unity and continuation of cultural traditions. c. It can be argued that Native American tribes probably gained the least assistance of any minority group during the New Deal.) (p. 837)

117. During the Depression, many Mexican Americans experienced which of the following events? (revised)

d. all of these (a. Much like African Americans and women, they were often excluded from relief benefits. b. The government repatriated many Mexicans (and some Mexican Americans) to Mexico. c. Between 1930 and 1931, more than 15,000 repatriados left El Paso for Mexico.) (p. 837)

106. Which of the following describes a political attack on the New Deal?

d. all of these (a. Roman Catholic priest Father Charles Coughlin denounced bankers and greedy industrialists on his weekly radio show. b. Dr. Frances E. Townshend advocated pensions for the elderly. c. Louisiana governor Huey Long advocated the Share Our Wealth Society to redistribute money from the wealthy to the poor.) (p. 822-824)

100. Which of the following is true concerning the New Deal's attempt to aid farmers?

d. all of these (a. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), designed to raise prices for agricultural goods, provided farm subsidies to farmers who limited their production. b. The AAA actually turned out to be detrimental to small farmers, tenant farmers, and sharecroppers. c. The AAA was criticized for destroying foodstuffs in an era when people were suffering from hunger.) (p. 816)

109. Which of the following is true of the Social Security Act of 1935?

d. all of these (a. The act established old-age pensions by taxing employers and workers' wages. b. Many women and people of color were excluded from the benefits of the act by virtue of the types of jobs they held. c. With this act, for the first time the federal government provided assistance for the poor and unemployed.) (p. 827)

111. In is fireside chats and speeches, Pres. Roosevelt

d. all of these (a. often associated freedom with economic security. b. revised the term "liberalism" to mean limited government action to solve problems. c. espoused concepts that drew criticism from conservatives who felt that he hadn't spent enough money on New Deal programs.) (p. 828, 829)

99. The TVA

d. all of these (a. promoted federal government regional economic planning. b. provided hydroelectric power for the Tennessee River Valley area. c. established flood control for the Tennessee River Valley region.) (p. 815)

119. Toward the end of the 1930s,

d. all of these (a. the nation experienced an economic slump in 1937 in part because the President approved cutbacks in government spending, which sent the economy into a recession. b. the President had to resume massive federal funding of New Deal programs in order to bring about another economic recovery. c. Congressional southern Democrats allied with northern Republicans made it difficult to maintain existing New Deal programs or establish new ones.) (p. 846)

102. In El Paso, Depression-era government projects included

d. all of these (a. the paving of Scenic Drive. b. construction of hiking trails at McKelligon Canyon. c. building of the original Liberty Hall, which functioned as a local theater for live entertainment.)

91. One thing that FDR was able to do better than Hoover was to

d. effectively oppose welfare legislation by the federal government. (p. 810)

The Social Security Act of 1935

did not begin making payments to participants for years

The National Labor Relations Act of 1935

gave the government the authority to force employers to accept labor unions

In the 1930s, the Congress of Industrial Organization

grew out of a dispute within the American Federation of Labor

In 1935, Senator Huey Long

had a strong record of progressive accomplishments

In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt's call to expand the Supreme Court came from

his desire to change the ideological balance of the Court

The National Recovery Administration of 1933 did all of the following EXCEPT

increased competition between companies

During the "Second New Deal," President Franklin Roosevelt

increased his criticism of corporations

All of the following occurred as a result of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT

poverty in the region was significantly reduced

The election of 1936

produced a new and enduring coalition of voters for the Democratic Party

The Economy Act of 1933

proposed to balance the federal budget and cut government workers' salaries

In 1933, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

protected the assets of small bank depositors

During its first year, the Civil Works Administration

put four million people to work

The Civilian Conservation Corps

put the unemployed to work on rural and wilderness areas

During the 1937 sit-down strike of General Motors, the federal government

refused to intervene in the dispute

The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933

sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to plant.)

In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt decided

that he should try to balance the federal budget

The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established

the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

During the recession of 1937

the economy was as bad as during the worst period of the Hoover administration

In 1937, in regards to the organizing of industrial labor,

the great majority of strikes were settled in favor of the unions

During the 1930s, the sit-down strike

was a new and controversial labor tactic

Tennessee Valley Authority

was created to build dams.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act

was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

President Franklin Roosevelt's proposal to expand the Supreme Court

was eventually defeated in Congress

In the 1930s, industrial unionism was

was greatly strengthened by New Deal legislation

In the 1930s, the trade union movement

was grew more militant and powerful

In 1934, Dr. Francis Townsend attracted widespread national support for a plan that

was helped pave the way for the Social Security system

The Works Progress Administration of 1935

was much larger than previous programs of its kind