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how do you treat carbon monoxide poisoning?

%100 humidified oxygen

what stage and give an example of physiological

1- food, shelter, oxygen

what stage and give an example of safety

2- fall, health

R.A.C.E

Rescue Activate alarm Confine Extinguish

clove hitch

Knot that consists essentially of two half-hitches. Its principal use is to attach a rope to an object such as a pole, post, or hose.

what are two leading causes of asphxiation in children 0-4years old?

hot dogs and latex balloons.

you want to promote safety in 3 places:

in-client facilities home communities

individual factors affecting safety (7)

lifestyle cognition balance, gait, and mobility ability to communicate (buttons to alert for falls) visual acuity emotional health safety awareness

developmental factors affeting safety: Older adults: (2)

lost of muscle strength joint mobility slowing reflexes sensory losses

developmental factors affecting safety: Adults:(3)

may be exposed to injury in the workplace lifestyle choice impact health some decline in strength and stamina; other maintain fitness

what are the regulations pertaining to restraints

must have dr order order must be renewed every 24 hrs check every 30 mins every two hours release restraints and provide skin care passive and active ROM toileting hydration nutrition

community-aquired pathogens: food-borne prevention.

porper storage, cleaning, and cooking of foods; clean cooking surfaces; attention to folk remedies.

Pollution: air, water, noise, soil. prevention:

proper disposal and recycling of solid wastes environmentally safe products car pool public transport ear plugs

treating poisons:

depends on the poisoning: antidotes charcoal

community-aquired pathogens: vector-borne prevention.

drain standing water insect repellents protect skin contact with insects wipe out breeding areas

causes of pt falls

slippery floors, tubs, low toilet seat, high bed

How to prevent fires

smokes alarms, fire extinguisher, no candles left unattended, safety with holiday lights, cig percautions, care with electrical cords

Which is the first action the home care nurse should employ to prevent falls by an older adult living at home? 1. Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment 2. Encourage the patient to remove throw rugs in the home 3. Suggest installation of adequate lighting throughout the home 4. Discuss with the patient the expected changes of aging that place one at risk

1. Assessment is the fi rst step of the Nursing Process. The best way to prevent falls is by instituting extra fall precautions for those patients at the highest risk. Most agencies have policies and procedures designed to identify, monitor, and support patients at risk.

The nurse is orienting a newly admitted patient to the hospital. It is most important for the nurse to teach the patient how to: 1. Notify the nurse when help is needed 2. Get out of the bed to use the bathroom 3. Raise and lower the head and foot of the bed 4. Use the telephone system to call family members

1. Explaining how to use a call bell meets safety and security needs. It reinforces that help is immediately available at a time when the patient may feel physically or emotionally vulnerable in an unfamiliar environment

Which nursing intervention enhances an older adult's sensory perception and thereby helps prevent injury when walking from the bed to the bathroom? 1. Providing adequate lighting 2. Raising the pitch of the voice 3. Holding onto the patient's arm 4. Removing environmental hazards

1. This provides for the safety of patients, staff, and visitors within a hospital. Inadequate lighting causes shadows, a dark environment, and the potential for misinterpreting stimuli (illusions), and is a major cause of accidents in the hospital setting.

A toaster is on fire in the pantry of a hospital unit. The nurse should first: 1. Unplug the toaster 2. Activate the fire alarm 3. Put out the fire with an extinguisher 4. Evacuate patients from the room next to the kitchen

2. Because no patient is in jeopardy, the nurse's initial action should be to activate the alarm. The sooner the alarm is set, the sooner professional firefighters will reach the scene of the fire.

The nurse is planning care for a patient who requires bilateral arm restraints. Which information is important to understand when planning care for this patient? 1. Their use adequately prevents injuries 2. They require a physician's order to be applied 3. Reasons for their use must be clearly documented 4. Most patients recognize that they contribute to their safety

3. All patient care, including the use of restraints, should adhere to standards of care. The reason for the use of restraints must adhere to standards of care and be documented on the patient's hospital record to create a legal record that protects the patient as well as the health-care providers.

A 3- year- old child is admitted to the pediatric unit. The best way for the nurse to maintain the safety of this preschool-aged child is by: 1. Teaching the child how to use the call bell 2. Placing the child in a crib with high side rails 3. Keeping the child under constant supervision 4. Having the child stay in the playroom most of the day

3. Constant supervision ensures that an adult can monitor the preschool-aged child's activity and environment so that safety needs are met. Preschool-aged children are active, curious, and fearless and have immature musculoskeletal and neurological systems, narrow life experiences, and a limited ability to understand cause and effect. All of these factors place preschool-aged children at risk for injury unless supervised.

The physician orders a vest restraint for a patient. What should the nurse do first when applying this restraint? 1. Ensure that the back of the vest is positioned on the patient's back 2. Permit four fingers to slide between the patient and the restraint 3. Inspect the patient's skin where the restraint is to be placed 4. Secure the restraint to the bed frame using a slipknot

3. Even when applied correctly, restraints can cause pressure and friction. A baseline assessment of the skin under the restraint should be made. In addition, the presence of a dressing, pacemaker, or subclavian catheter may influence the type of restraint to use.

The nurse understands that the most common factor that contributes to falls in the hospital setting is: 1. Wet floors 2. Frequent seizures 3. Advanced age of patients 4. Misuse of equipment by nurses

3. Older adults who are hospitalized frequently have multiple health problems, are frail, and lack stamina. All of these contribute to the inability to maintain balance and ambulate safely.

The nurse is planning care for a patient with a wrist restraint. The restraint should be removed, the area massaged, and the joints moved through their full range every: 1. Shift 2. Hour 3. Two hours 4. Four hours

3. Restraints should be removed every 2 hours. The extremities must be moved through their full range of motion to prevent muscle shortening and contractures. The area must be massaged to promote circulation and prevent pressure injuries.

To best prevent a patient from falling, the nurse should: 1. Provide a cane 2. Keep walkways clear of obstacles 3. Assist the patient with ambulation 4. Encourage the patient to use the handrails in the hall

3. This widens the patient's base of support, which improves balance and decreases the risk of a fall.

when talking to older adults is is better to have a high or low pitched voice?

When talking with older adults it is better to lower, not raise, the pitch of the voice. As people age they are more likely to have impaired hearing with higher pitch sounds.

define restraint; name two types

any device that restricts a patients voluntary movement or access to his body that cant easily be removed by the patients mechanical & chemical restraint

take-home toxins

are hazardous substances transported from the workplace to the home. ex: pathogenic microorganisms, abestos, lead, mercury, arsenic. prevention by being aware of workplace preventive measures, remove work clothing , shower if appropriate, gloves.

safety hazards for healthcare workers: prevention

back injury: body mechanics needlestik injury: sharps awareness, proper disposal radiation injury: radiation precautions, radiation badges. give for baby (in tummy) and mommy too. workplace violence: environmental awareness of personal safety.

when implementing the use of restraints on a hospitalized client, the nurse should? a. restrain all confused cllients so that they do not sustain a fall injury. b. tie the restraint to the bottom of the side rail so the client cannot reach it. c. ensure that the primary care provider renews the order for restraints once every 24hrs. d. release the restraints and provide skin care at least once every shift.

c. ensure that the primary care provider renews the order for restraints once every 24 hours.

poisoning prevention:

cabinet locks store poison high keep poison control telephone number available

How to prevent poisoning

cabinet locks, store poisons high, keep poison control number available

developmental factors affecting safety: infants/toddlers: (4)

cannot recognize danger tactile exploration of environment totally dependant teach parents and grandparents about med storage

how to treat poisoning

depends on poison ingested; antidotes, charcoal etc.

scalds and burns come from? (4) what are ways you can prevent them?

hot water, grease, sunburn, cigarettes. guardrails by fireplace turning pot handles care with candles sunscreen care when warming food in microwave smoke alarms caution with cigarettes first extinguisher no candles unattended safety with holiday lights care with electrical cords

what type of poisons can be found in the home?

household chemical lead medicines cosmetics

Examples of accidental poisoning

househould chemicals, lead, medicines, cosmetics

what is a chemical restraint

ie- sedatives and psychotrophic agents

what is a mechanical restraint

ie- siderail

Give examples and of factors affeting infants/toddlers safety

motor vehicle accidents, SID, drowning, choking cannot recognize danger, tactile exploration of enviornment, totally dependent

a child has hiccups for 2 hours. is this a sign of suspected ingestion of poison?

no.

how to prevent falls

nonskid shoes, tidy clothes, proper lighting, grab bars, no scatter rugs

Name the 5 needs of maslows hierarchy of needs

physiological, safety, love belonging, self esteem, self actualization

developmental factors affecting safety: preschoolers: (2)

play extends to outdoors more adventurous

carbon monoxide poisoning:

produced by burning fuel: gas, wood, oil, kerosene Prevention: carbon monoxide detector

what are the two reasons restraints may be used

pt is a danger to self or others, must be imobilized temporarily so that a procedure may be performed

noise exposure

substantial exposure to noise has been associated with a range of adverse health effects, including hearing loss, stress, elevated blood pressure, and loss of sleep.

asphyxiation

the condition of being derprived of oxygen (as by having breathing stopped)

Define safety

the condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt, injury, or loss. a basic human need

developmental factors affecting safety: School-age: (3)

try new activities without practice more time outside the home stranger danger

firearms injuries: youth suicides; domestic voilence. Prevention includes?

firearms safety education for parents and children proper locked storage keep ammunition separate

what stage and give an example of love belonging

3- friendship

what stage and give an example of self esteem

4- respect for others

The nurse identifies that the hospitalized patient at the greatest risk for injury is a: 1. Young child 2. Comatose teenager 3. Postmenopausal woman 4. Confused middle-aged man

4. A confused patient is at an increased risk for injury because of the inability to comprehend cause and effect and, therefore, lacks the ability to make safe decisions.

The nurse is caring for a confused patient. To prevent this patient from falling, the nurse should: 1. Encourage the patient to use the corridor handrails 2. Place the patient in a room near the nurses' station 3. Reinforce how to use the call bell 4. Maintain close supervision

4. Maintaining safety of the confused patient is best accomplished through close or direct supervision. Confused patients cannot be left on their own because they may not have the cognitive ability to understand cause and effect, and therefore their actions can result in harm.

The nurse understands that injuries in hospitalized patients are caused most commonly by: 1. Malfunctioning equipment 2. Failure to use restraints 3. Visitor 4. Falls

4. Research demonstrates that most injuries experienced by hospitalized patients occur from falls. Failing to call for assistance, inadequate lighting, and the physical condition of the patient all contribute to falls.

An appropriately worded goal associated with the nursing diagnosis Risk for Injury is, " The patient will be: 1. Taught how to call for help to ambulate." 2. Kept on bed rest when dizzy." 3. Restrained when agitated." 4. Free from trauma."

4. This is an appropriate goal. It is realistic, specifi c, measurable, and has a time frame. It is realistic to expect that all patients be safe. It is specifi c and measurable because safety from trauma can be compared to standards of care within the profession of nursing. It has a time frame because the words free from refl ect the time frames of always, constantly, and continuously.

what stage and give an example of self actualization

5- goals, problem solving

in meeting the safety needs of the adolescent client, it would be most important for the nurse to focus her teaching on? a. smoking cessation b. sports injuries c. alcohol abuse d. drivers education

d. drivers education statistically, an adolescent is more likely to die in a car accident.

motor vehicle injuries: causes and prevention

causes: failure to use seatbelts; use of alcohol; pedestrian accidents; nondeployment of airbag. prevention: avoid distractions in care (cell phone, text messages, loud music); use designated driver; use seat belts, proper age-dependent restraints for children.

suffocation/asphyxiation: drowning, choking, smoke/gas inhalation. who is at risk? and prevention?

children ages 0-4years old are a high risk. Prevention: watch for small, removable parts cut food into tiny pieces attention to mobiles, strings, cords, plastic bags barrier to pool know heimlich maneuver

nurses attend to safety needs of: (2)

clients in all healthcare settings. healthcare workers, including themselves.

what are causes of homes fires

cooking, smoking, faulty wiring, improper use of wires, smoke inhalation

electrical storms: prevention

during a storm, seek lowest spot possible seek shelter in large building, away from water no use of metal objects

what is prevalent in those who are >65yrs old? (safety risk) and Prevention of this includes?

falls risk: slippery floor, stairs, tubs; low toilet seat; high bed. Prevention: nonskid shoes, tidy clothes, proper lighting, grab bars/rails, no scatter rugs.

safety hazards in the healthcare facility: prevention

falls/prevention: fall risk assessment, environmental safety, clean dry floors, client education. equipment-related accidents fires/electrical hazards restraints: side rails mercury poisoning PREVENTION: yearly facility training, following facility policy.

developmental factors affecting safety: Adolescents: (3)

false confidence; feel indestructible risk-taking behaviors most lack adult judgement