Ch.22 Respiratory System review questions

The relationship between volume and Pressure as described by the formula P1V1=P2V2

Boyle's Law

Which of the following are structural features of the trachea? a. C-shaped cartilage b. smooth muscle fibers c. cilia d. all of the above

C-shaped cartilage

Which of the following has the greatest stimulatory effect on the respiratory centers in the brain stem?

Carbon Dioxide

When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs? a. The capillary constricts. b. The capillary dilates. c. The partial pressure of oxygen in the affected alveolus increases. d. The bronchioles dilate.

The capillary constricts

A bronchiole is a branch of bronchi that is 1mm or less in diameter and terminates at alveolar sacs true or false

True

Air entering the trachea travels down its length (abt 4 in.) to the level of the 5th thoracic vertebra. There the passageway divides into the right and left main (primary) bronchi. True or false.

True

Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone? a. pharynx b. nasal cavity c. alveoli d. bronchi

alveoli

Which of the following anatomical structures is/are not part of the conducting zone?

alveoli

The ____________is the site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood

alveolus

When do fetal breathing movements begin? a. around week 20 b. around week 37 c. around week 16 d. after birth

around week 20

The ____________ contains the vocal cords.

larynx

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing? a. residual volume b. tidal volume c. expiratory reserve volume d. inspiratory reserve volume

residual volume

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases. a. resistance b. pressure c. airway diameter d. friction

resistance

The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body. a. pulmonary b. interlobular c. respiratory d. bronchial

respiratory

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide? a. It diffuses into the blood. b. It diffuses into the alveoli. c. The gradient is too small for carbon dioxide to diffuse. d. It decomposes into carbon and oxygen.

it diffuses into the alveoli.

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the_________.

parietal and visceral pleurae

Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in? a. pulmonary ventilation b. production of pulmonary surfactant c. resistance d. surface tension

pulmonary ventilation

The ___________ is the part of the conducting pathway between the larynx and the primary bronchi.

the trachea

What is the role of alveolar macrophages? a. to secrete pulmonary surfactant b. to secrete antimicrobial proteins c. to remove pathogens and debris d. to facilitate gas exchange

to remove pathogens and debris

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ________. a. visceral and parietal pleurae. b. mediastinum and parietal pleurae. c. visceral and mediastinum pleurae. d. none of the above

visceral and parietal pleurae

The __________ is the pleural layer attached directly to the lung.

visceral pleura

Gas exchanges to and from the pulmonary circuit blood that occur in the lungs is defined as internal respiration. True or false

False

Exchange of gases from the blood capillaries of the systemic circulation is defined as external respiration. True or false

False; this is called internal respiration.

The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance air turbulence and help trap particles in the mucus. True or false

True

The medullary respiratory center (located in the medulla oblongata part of the brain stem) sets the basic rhythm of breathing. True or false.

True

The respiratory rate is the total number of breaths, or respiratory cycles, that occur each minute. True or False

True

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.

airway diameter

Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve? a. temperature b. pH c. BPG d. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/dissociative curve?

all of the above (pH, temperature, BPG)

A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________. a. bronchopulmonary segment b. pulmonary lobule c. interpulmonary segment d. respiratory segment

bronchopulmonary segment

A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________. a. early childhood, around 8 years of age b. birth c. 37 weeks d. 16 weeks

early childhood, around 8 years of age

The olfactory pits form from which of the following? a. mesoderm b. cartilage c. ectoderm d. endoderm

ectoderm

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure. a. low; high b. low; low c. high; high d. high; low

high; low

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________. a. hyperventilation b. hyperpnea c. acclimatization d. apnea

hyperventilation

Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________. a. external respiration b. interpulmonary respiration c. internal respiration d. pulmonary ventilation

internal respiration

The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx? a. nasopharynx b. laryngopharynx c. nasal cavity d. oral cavity

oral cavity

Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree? a. alveoli b. bronchi c. terminal bronchioles d. respiratory bronchioles

terminal bronchioles

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur? a. The diaphragm moves downward. b. The rib cage is compressed. c. The thoracic cavity volume decreases. d. The ribs and sternum move upward.

the ribs and sternum move upward

Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift? a. Chloride is removed from the erythrocyte. b. Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate. c. Bicarbonate is removed from the erythrocyte. d. Bicarbonate is removed from the blood.

Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.

A low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________. a. Haldane effect b. Bohr effect c. Dalton's law d. Henry's law

Haldane effect

The tracheal epithelium is ciliates and has goblet cells. It's cilia's function is to push mucus away from the lungs and its goblet cells are to produce the mucus. True or false

True

The ______________ increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity.

concha

If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, which of the following might you expect? a. difficulty expressing fluid b. difficulty inflating the lungs c. difficulty with pulmonary capillary flow d. no difficulty as type I cells can provide enough surfactant for normal breathing

difficulty inflating the lungs

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes? a. AMS b. high blood levels of carbon dioxide c. low atmospheric pressure d. erythropoietin

erythropoietin

Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the lungs' alveoli is called_________.

external respiration

Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes? a. mediastinum b. fissure c. root d. pleura

fissure

Which of the following structures divides each lung into lobes?

fissures

Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following? a. hemoglobin and carbon dioxide b. carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide c. hemoglobin and oxygen d. carbonic anhydrase and oxygen

hemoglobin and oxygen

A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure. a. decrease in b. equalization of c. increase in d. zero

increase in

What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity? a. increase surface area b. exchange gases c. maintain surface tension d. maintain air pressure

increase surface area

What happens to the fluid that remains in the lungs after birth? a. It reduces the surface tension of the alveoli. b. It is expelled shortly after birth. c. It is absorbed shortly after birth. d. It lubricates the pleurae.

it is absorbed shortly after birth.

The fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?

oral cavity

The cutting of the ____________ nerves will result in the paralysis of the main muscle of ventilation, the diaphragm, which will then necessitate the need of mechanical ventilation.

phrenic

A decrease in thoracic cavity volume leads to a/an _________ in the lungs.

increase in pressure

Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following? a. low partial pressure of oxygen b. low atmospheric pressure c. abnormal neural signals d. small venous reserve of oxygen

small venous reserve of oxygen.

The pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called ________. a. atmospheric pressure b. pulmonary pressure c. negative pressure d. transpulmonary pressure

transpulmonary pressure