Ch.22

Which pathway is the opposite of gluconeogenesis? Glycogenesis Glycolysis Glycogenolysis Lipolysis

Glycolysis

In the fasted state, which hormone combination would occur? Higher glucagon and no insulin Higher glucagon and lower insulin Higher insulin and lower glucagon High glucagon and high insulin

Higher glucagon and lower insulin

What happens to excess glucose in the body? It is converted to protein. It is stored as ATP in the liver. It continues to circulate in the blood. It is used for lipogenesis.

It is used for lipogenesis

How does the binding of insulin to its receptor stimulate glucose uptake from the bloodstream? It stimulates insertion of GLUT4 transporters in the cell membrane. It turns on genes so that more GLUT4 channel is made. It causes GLUT4 channels to open.. It causes liver cells to release GLUT4.

It stimulates insertion of GLUT4 transporters in the cell membrane

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Intestinal cells. Liver cells. Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Muscle cells. Cells in the pancreas.

Liver cells

Body cells that respond to insulin include Liver cells only. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. Liver cells and muscle cells only. Intestinal cells only. Muscle cells only.

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body

A liver cell responds to insulin by Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. Releasing insulin. Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. Releasing glucagon.

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen

When blood glucose levels are low The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase

When blood glucose levels are high The liver releases insulin. The pancreas releases glucose. The pancreas releases insulin. The pancreas releases glucagon. The liver releases glucagon.

The pancreas releases insulin

When blood levels of glucose, amino acids, and insulin are high, and glycogenesis is occurring in the liver, the body is in the postabsorptive state. absorptive state. bulimic state. stress state. fasted state.

absorptive state

Match each term to its definition. A. anabolism B. biochemical pathway C. catabolism reactions that result in the synthesis of large molecules

anabolism

Match the term to its definition. A. metabolism B. catabolism C. anabolism large molecules synthesized from smaller ones

anabolism

Insulin is produced by the __________ cells of the pancreas. D (delta) beta alpha F

beta

Match each term to its definition. A. anabolism B. biochemical pathway C. catabolism a series of interconnected chemical reactions

biochemical pathway

Match each term to its definition. A. anabolism B. biochemical pathway C. catabolism reactions that result in the breakdown of large biomolecules

catabolism

Match the term to its definition. A. metabolism B. catabolism C. anabolism large molecules broken into smaller ones

catabolism

Gluconeogenesis refers to converting glucose to glycogen storage. creating glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. converting glucose to storage as adipose tissue. removing glucose from storage as glycogen. removing fatty acids from adipose storage.

creating glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors

Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells. The responses of the target cells to these two hormones are the opposite of each other. This information implies that both hormones interact with receptors at the cell nucleus. each of the two hormones uses a different second messenger. one of the hormones does not interact with a membrane receptor. one hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane and the other to an intracellular receptor.

each of the two hormones uses a different second messenger

The level of ketone bodies in the blood increases when high levels of ________ are being metabolized. glucose proteins carbohydrates fatty acids amino acids

fatty acids

The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon. digestive enzymes. insulin. cortisol. renin.

glucagon

When blood glucose levels decrease, as in the "fasted" state, only protein synthesis decreases. peripheral cells take up less glucose. insulin is secreted. glucagon is secreted. All of these answers are correct.

glucagon is secreted

Amino acids in the diet that are not used to make proteins can be used in __________. lipogenesis gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis glycogenesis

gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of glucose from a noncarbohydrate precursor is referred to as glycogenesis. glycogen. gluconeogenesis. glycogenolysis. glycolysis.

gluconeogenesis

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called negative feedback. diabetes. homeostasis. positive feedback. None of the above.

homeostasis

The beta cells of the pancreas produce glucagon. insulin. cortisol. digestive enzymes. renin.

insulin

During the fasting state, the energy stores of the ________ become the major source of glucose for the whole body. brain pancreas muscles adipose tissues liver

liver

Match the term to its definition. A. metabolism B. catabolism C. anabolism the sum of all the body's chemical reactions

metabolism

When blood glucose levels increase, as in the "fed" state, only protein synthesis decreases. only peripheral cells take up less glucose. only glucagon is secreted. only insulin is secreted. All of these answers are correct.

only insulin is secreted

Part complete Anabolic pathways include reactions that result in the synthesis of large biomolecules. reactions that release energy and reactions that result in the synthesis of large biomolecules. reactions that require a net input of energy and reactions that result in the synthesis of large biomolecules. reactions that release energy. reactions that require a net input of energy.

reactions that require a net input of energy and reactions that result in the synthesis of large biomolecules

Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis and primarily targets the liver. stimulates gluconeogenesis. primarily targets the liver. stimulates gluconeogenesis and primarily targets skeletal muscle. primarily targets skeletal muscle.

stimulates gluconeogenesis and primarily targets the liver

Insulin only stimulates lipolysis. stimulates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis. stimulates glycolysis and lipolysis. only stimulates glycolysis. only inhibits gluconeogenesis.

stimulates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis

GLUT4 transporters are inserted into the plasma membrane by endocytosis. stored in cytoplasmic vesicles. stored in cytoplasmic vesicles and found in adipose and skeletal muscles. found in adipose and skeletal muscles. inserted into the plasma membrane in response to glucagon.

stored in cytoplasmic vesicles and found in adipose and skeletal muscles

During the absorptive state, the liver synthesizes glycogen. adipocytes release fatty acids to the circulation. glucagon levels are increased. skeletal muscles break down glycogen. All of these answers are correct.

the liver synthesizes glycogen